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New!Clean Pure Christlike energy to move 1063 pounds of bricks in one sheer movement using the power of a man's back or horses requires energy.That is all!Abraham had no four wheel engined vehicle but he had faith and common sense to do whatever God demanded of him in a way that was efficient and respectful to all of God's creation of which he was a part.Abraham also had no written law; also true for Joseph or Jacob or Moses when Moses crossed the red sea.All posts are authored by Warren A.Lyon.

Wednesday 15 June 2016

Nicene Creed. Did you know the full Nicene Creed does not allow divorce?

Nicene Creed

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicene_Creed

Icon depicting the Emperor Constantine, accompanied by thebishops of the First Council of Nicaea (325), holding the Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed of 381.

The Nicene Creed (Greek: Σύμβολον τῆς Νικαίας or τῆς πίστεως, Latin: Symbolum Nicaenum) is a profession of faith widely used in Christian liturgy.

It is called Nicene /ˈnaɪsiːn/ because it was originally adopted in the city of Nicaea(present day Iznik, Turkey) by the First Council of Nicaea in 325.^[1] In 381, it was amended at the First Council of Constantinople, and the amended form is referred to as the Nicene or the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed.

The churches of Oriental Orthodoxy and the Assyrian churches use this profession of faith with the verbs in the original plural ("we believe") form. The Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church use it with the verbs of believing changed to the singular ("I believe") form. The Anglican Communion and manyProtestant denominations also use it, sometimes with the verbs of believing in the plural form but generally in the singular. The creed in all of the churches, including the Anglican, indicates that divorce is not allowed by the church and nor is it approved but if so, it will not lead to ex-communication. Henry the 8th was not ex-communicated from his new church and he did not approve of divorce as the head of the church. The real reason for the creation of an English church was language of service and a belief in perpetuating the language via religion throughout it's territories. Who could found a church on the right to divorce since the word says God hates divorce? He was an absolute authority and required a latitude to achieve his hope for a certain kind of heir. He wasn't hoping for a boy necessarily but for an heir that was musical and that loved learning. Further to this, he believed in the divine right of kings but you couldn't necessarily have a divine right if you did not believe in God and sit for the safety, protection and perpetuation of the commonwealth. Mary is the mother of Jesus and a child of God but she cannot be the mother of Hashem who is also referred to as Yahweh. Catholicism is essentially Messianic Judaism.

The Apostles' Creed is also used in the Latin West, but not in the Eastern liturgies.^[2]^[3]^[4] On Sundays and some other days, one or other of these two creeds is recited in the Roman Rite Mass after the homily. The Nicene Creed is also part of the profession of faith required of those undertaking important functions within theCatholic Church.^[5]^[6]

In the Byzantine Rite, the Nicene Creed is sung or recited at the Divine Liturgy, immediately preceding the Anaphora (Eucharistic Prayer), and is also recited daily at compline.^[7]^[8]

Nomenclature[edit]

There are several designations for the two forms of the Nicene creed, some with overlapping meanings:

Nicene Creed or the Creed of Nicaea is used to refer to the original version adopted at the First Council of Nicaea(325), to the revised version adopted by the First Council of Constantinople (381), to the Latin version that includes the phrase "Deum de Deo" and "Filioque",^[9] and to the Armenian version, which does not include "and from the Son", but does include "God from God" and many other phrases.^[10]
Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed can stand for the revised version of Constantinople (381) or the later Latin version^[11] or various other versions.^[12]
Icon/Symbol of the Faith is the usual designation for the revised version of Constantinople 381 in the Orthodox churches, where this is the only creed used in the liturgy.
Profession of Faith of the 318 Fathers refers specifically to the version of Nicea 325 (traditionally, 318 bishops took part at the First Council of Nicea).
Profession of Faith of the 150 Fathers refers specifically to the version of Constantinople 381 (traditionally, 150 bishops took part at the First Council of Constantinople).

In musical settings, particularly when sung in Latin, this Creed is usually referred to by its first word, Credo.

History[edit]

Oldest extant manuscript of the Nicene Creed, dated to the 5th Century

The purpose of a creed is to provide a doctrinal statement of correct belief, or orthodoxy. The creeds of Christianity have been drawn up at times of conflict about doctrine: acceptance or rejection of a creed served to distinguish believers and deniers of a particular doctrine or set of doctrines. For that reason a creed was called in Greek a σύμβολον (Eng. symbolon), a word that meant half of a broken object which, when placed together with the other half, verified the bearer's identity. The Greek word passed through Latin "symbolum" into English "symbol", which only later took on the meaning of an outward sign of something.^[13]

The Nicene Creed was adopted in the face of the Arian controversy, whose leader,Arius, was a member of the clergy of Alexandria. "Arius objected to Alexander's (the bishop of the time) apparent carelessness in blurring the distinction of nature between the Father and the Son by his emphasis on eternal generation".^[14]Alexander accused Arius of denying the divinity of the Son and also of being too "Jewish" and "Greek" in his thought. Both Arius and Alexander rejected Gnosticism,Manichaeism and Sabellian formulae. The Nicene Creed was created as a result of the extensive adoption of the doctrine of Arius far outside Alexandria, in order to clarify the key tenets of the Christian faith.

The Nicene Creed of 325 explicitly affirms the co-essential divinity of the Son, applying to him the term "consubstantial". The 381 version speaks of the Holy Spirit as worshipped and glorified with the Father and the Son. The Athanasian Creed(not used in Eastern Christianity) describes in much greater detail the relationship between Father, Son and Holy Spirit. TheApostles' Creed makes no explicit statements about the divinity of the Son and the Holy Spirit, but, in the view of many who use it, the doctrine is implicit in it.

Original Nicene Creed of 325[edit]

Nicene Creed
Created	325
Author(s)	First Council of Nicaea

Main article: First Council of Nicaea

The original Nicene Creed was first adopted in 325 at the First Council of Nicaea. At that time, the text ended with the words "We believe in the Holy Spirit", after which various anathemas against arian propositions were added.^[15] (For other differences, see Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381, below.)

F.J.A. Hort and Adolf Harnack argued that the Nicene creed was the local creed of Caesarea (an important center of Early Christianity) recited in the council by Eusebius of Caesarea. Their case relied largely on a very specific interpretation of Eusebius' own account of the Council´s proceedings.^[16] More recent scholarship has not been convinced by their arguments.^[17] The large number of secondary divergences from the text of the creed produced by Eusebius make it unlikely that it was used as a starting–point by those who drafted the conciliar creed.^[18] Their initial text was probably a local creed from a Syro–Palestinian source into which they awkwardly inserted phrases to define the Nicene theology.^[19]

Soon after the Council of Nicaea, new formulae of faith were composed, most of them variations of the Nicene Symbol, to counter new phases of Arianism. The Catholic Encyclopedia identifies at least four before the Council of Sardica (341), where a new form was presented and inserted in the Acts of the Council, though it was not agreed on.

Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed[edit]

The Niceno–Constantinopolitan Creed
Created	381
Author(s)	First Council of Constantinople

What is known as the "Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed" or the "Nicene-Constantinopolitan Creed"^[20] received this name because of a belief that it was adopted at the Second Ecumenical Council held in Constantinople in 381 as a modification of the original Nicene Creed of 325. In that light, it also came to be very commonly known simply as the "Nicene Creed". It is the only authoritative ecumenical statement of the Christian faith accepted by the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and the major Protestant denominations.^[21]^[22] (The Apostles' and Athanasian creeds are not as widely accepted.)^[23]

It differs in a number of respects, both by addition and omission, from the creed adopted at the First Council of Nicaea. The most notable difference is the additional section "And [we believe] in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver-of-Life, who proceedeth from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified, who spake by the prophets. And [we believe] in one, holy, Catholic and Apostolic Church. We acknowledge one Baptism for the remission of sins, [and] we look for the resurrection of the dead and the life of the world to come. Amen."^[24]

Since the end of the 19th century,^[25] scholars have questioned the traditional explanation of the origin of this creed, which has been passed down in the name of the council, whose official acts have been lost over time. A local council of Constantinople in 382 and the third ecumenical council (Ephesus, 431) made no mention of it,^[26] with the latter affirming the 325 creed of Nicaea as a valid statement of the faith and using it to denounce Nestorianism. Though some scholarship claims that hints of the later creed's existence are discernible in some writings,^[27] no extant document gives its text or makes explicit mention of it earlier than the fourth ecumenical council at Chalcedon in 451.^[25]^[26]^[28] Many of the bishops of the 451 council themselves had never heard of it and initially greeted it skeptically, but it was then produced from the episcopal archives of Constantinople, and the council accepted it "not as supplying any omission but as an authentic interpretation of the faith of Nicaea".^[26] In spite of the questions raised, it is considered most likely that this creed was in fact adopted at the 381 second ecumenical council.^[23]

On the basis of evidence both internal and external to the text, it has been argued that this creed originated not as an editing of the original Creed proposed at Nicaea in 325, but as an independent creed (probably an older baptismal creed) modified to make it more like the Nicene Creed.^[29] Some scholars have argued that the creed may have been presented at Chalcedon as "a precedent for drawing up new creeds and definitions to supplement the Creed of Nicaea, as a way of getting round the ban on new creeds in Canon 7 of Ephesus".^[28] It is generally agreed that the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed is not simply an expansion of the Creed of Nicaea, and was probably based on another traditional creed independent of the one from Nicaea.^[25]^[23]

The third Ecumenical Council (Council of Ephesus of 431) reaffirmed the original 325 version^[30] of the Nicene Creed and declared that "it is unlawful for any man to bring forward, or to write, or to compose a different" (ἑτέραν – more accurately translated as used by the Council to mean "different," "contradictory," and not "another")^[31] faith as a rival to that established by the holy Fathers assembled with the Holy Ghost in Nicaea" (i.e., the 325 creed)^[32] This statement has been interpreted as a prohibition against changing this creed or composing others, but not all accept this interpretation.^[33] This question is connected with the controversy whether a creed proclaimed by an Ecumenical Council is definitive in excluding not only excisions from its text but also additions to it.

In one respect, the Eastern Orthodox Church's received text^[34] of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed differs from the earliest text, which is included in the acts of the Council of Chalcedon of 451: The Eastern Orthodox Church uses the singular forms of verbs such as "I believe", in place of the plural form ("we believe") used by the council. Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Churches use exactly the same form of the Creed, since the Catholic Church teaches that it is wrong to add "and the Son" to the Greek verb "ἐκπορευόμενον", though correct to add it to the Latin "qui procedit", which does not have precisely the same meaning.^[35] The form generally used in Western churches does add "and the Son" and also the phrase "God from God", which is found in the original 325 Creed.^[36]

Comparison between Creed of 325 and Creed of 381[edit]

The following table, which indicates by [square brackets] the portions of the 325 text that were omitted or moved in 381, and uses italics to indicate what phrases, absent in the 325 text, were added in 381, juxtaposes the earlier (325 AD) and later (381 AD) forms of this Creed in the English translation given in Schaff's work, Creeds of Christendom.^[37]

First Council of Nicea (325)	First Council of Constantinople (381)
We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of all things visible and invisible.	We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker ofheaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.
And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, begotten of the Father [the only-begotten; that is, of the essence of the Father, God of God,] Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father;	And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds (æons), Light of Light, very God of very God, begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father;
By whom all things were made [both in heaven and on earth];	by whom all things were made;
Who for us men, and for our salvation, came down and wasincarnate and was made man;	who for us men, and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Ghost of the Virgin Mary, and was made man;
He suffered, and the third day he rose again, ascended into heaven;	he was crucified for us under Pontius Pilate, and suffered,and was buried, and the third day he rose again, according to the Scriptures, and ascended into heaven, and sitteth on the right hand of the Father;
From thence he shall come to judge the quick and the dead.	from thence he shall come again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead. ;
	whose kingdom shall have no end.
And in the Holy Ghost.	And in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of life, who proceedeth from the Father, who with the Father and the Son together is worshiped and glorified, who spake by the prophets.
	In one holy catholic and apostolic Church; we acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; we look for theresurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. Amen.
[But those who say: 'There was a time when he was not;' and 'He was not before he was made;' and 'He was made out of nothing,' or 'He is of another substance' or 'essence,' or 'The Son of God is created,' or 'changeable,' or 'alterable'— they are condemned by the holy catholic and apostolic Church.]

The texts in Greek, as given on the Web site Symbolum Nicaeno-Constantinopolitanum – Greek, can be presented in a similar way, as follows:

First Council of Nicaea (325)	First Council of Constantinople (381)
Πιστεύομεν εἰς ἕνα θεὸν Πατέρα παντοκράτορα, πάντων ὁρατῶν τε και ἀοράτων ποιητήν.	Πιστεύομεν εἰς ἕνα θεὸν Πατέρα παντοκράτορα, ποιητὴν οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς, ὁρατῶν τε πάντων καὶ ἀοράτων.
Πιστεύομεν εἰς ἕνα κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ, γεννηθέντα ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς μονογενῆ, τοὐτέστιν ἐκ τῆς οὐσίας τοῦ Πατρός, θεὸν ἐκ θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ, γεννηθέντα, οὐ ποιηθέντα, ὁμοούσιον τῷ Πατρί	Καὶ εἰς ἕνα κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ, τὸν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς γεννηθέντα πρὸ πάντων τῶν αἰώνων, φῶς ἐκ φωτός, θεὸν ἀληθινὸν ἐκ θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ, γεννηθέντα οὐ ποιηθέντα, ὁμοούσιον τῷ Πατρί·
δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο, τά τε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς	δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο·
τὸν δι' ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα καὶ σαρκωθέντα καὶ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα,	τὸν δι' ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν καὶ σαρκωθέντα ἐκ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου καὶ Μαρίας τῆς παρθένου καὶ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα,
παθόντα, καὶ ἀναστάντα τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ, καὶ ἀνελθόντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανούς,	σταυρωθέντα τε ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου, καὶ παθόντα καὶ ταφέντα, καὶ ἀναστάντα τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρα κατὰ τὰς γραφάς, καὶ ἀνελθόντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανούς, καὶ καθεζόμενον ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Πατρός,
καὶ ἐρχόμενον κρῖναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς.	καὶ πάλιν ἐρχόμενον μετὰ δόξης κρῖναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς·
	οὗ τῆς βασιλείας οὐκ ἔσται τέλος.
Καὶ εἰς τὸ Ἅγιον Πνεῦμα.	Καὶ εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, τὸ κύριον, (καὶ) τὸ ζῳοποιόν, τὸ ἐκ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον, τὸ σὺν Πατρὶ καὶ Υἱῷ συμπροσκυνούμενον καὶ συνδοξαζόμενον, τὸ λαλῆσαν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν. Εἰς μίαν, ἁγίαν, καθολικὴν καὶ ἀποστολικὴν ἐκκλησίαν· ὁμολογοῦμεν ἓν βάπτισμα εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν· προσδοκοῦμεν ἀνάστασιν νεκρῶν, καὶ ζωὴν τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος. Ἀμήν.
Τοὺς δὲ λέγοντας, ὅτι ἦν ποτε ὅτε οὐκ ἦν, καὶ πρὶν γεννηθῆναι οὐκ ἦν, καὶ ὅτι ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων ἐγένετο, ἢ ἐξ ἑτέρας ὑποστάσεως ἢ οὐσίας φάσκοντας εἶναι, [ἢ κτιστόν,] τρεπτὸν ἢ ἀλλοιωτὸν τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ θεοῦ, [τούτους] ἀναθεματίζει ἡ καθολικὴ [καὶ ἀποστολικὴ] ἐκκλησία.

Filioque controversy[edit]

Main article: Filioque

In the late 6th century, some Latin-speaking churches added the words "and from the Son" (Filioque) to the description of the procession of the Holy Spirit, in what many Eastern Orthodox Christians have at a later stage argued is a violation ofCanon VII of the Third Ecumenical Council, since the words were not included in the text by either the Council of Nicaea or that of Constantinople.^[38]

The Vatican stated in 1995 that, while the words καὶ τοῦ Υἱοῦ ("and the Son") would indeed be heretical if used with the Greek verb ἐκπορεύομαι^[39]—which is one of the terms used by St. Gregory of Nazianzus and the one adopted by the Council of Constantinople^[35]^[40]^[41]—the word Filioque is not heretical when associated with the Latin verb procedo and the related word processio. Whereas the verb ἐκπορεύομαι (from ἐκ, "out of" and πορεύομαι "to come or go") in Gregory and other Fathers necessarily means "to originate from a cause or principle," the Latin term procedo (from pro, "forward;" andcedo, "to go") has no such connotation and simply denotes the communication of the Divine Essence or Substance. In this sense, processio is similar in meaning to the Greek term προϊέναι, used by the Fathers from Alexandria (especially Cyril of Alexandria) as well as others.^[35]^[42] Partly due to the influence of the Latin translations of the New Testament (especially of John 15:26), the term ἐκπορευόμενον (the present participle of ἐκπορεύομαι) in the creed was translated into Latin asprocedentem. In time, the Latin version of the Creed came to be interpreted in the West in the light of the Western concept of processio, which required the affirmation of the Filioque to avoid the heresy of Arianism.^[35]^[43]

Views on the importance of this creed[edit]

The view that the Nicene Creed can serve as a touchstone of true Christian faith is reflected in the name "symbol of faith", which was given to it in Greek and Latin, when in those languages the word "symbol" meant a "token for identification (by comparison with a counterpart)",^[44] and which continues in use even in languages in which "symbol" no longer has that meaning.

In the Roman Rite Mass, the Latin text of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, with "Deum de Deo" (God from God) and "Filioque" (and from the Son), phrases absent in the original text, was previously the only form used for the "profession of faith". The Roman Missal now refers to it jointly with the Apostles' Creed as "the Symbol or Profession of Faith or Creed", describing the second as "the baptismal Symbol of the Roman Church, known as the Apostles' Creed".^[45]

The liturgies of the ancient Churches of Eastern Christianity (Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, Assyrian Church of the East and the Eastern Catholic Churches), use the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, never the Western Apostles' Creed.

While in certain places where the Byzantine Rite is used, the choir or congregation sings the Creed at the Divine Liturgy, in many places the Creed is typically recited by the cantor, who in this capacity represents the whole congregation although many, and sometimes all, members of the congregation may join in rhythmic recitation. Where the latter is the practice, it is customary to invite, as a token of honor, any prominent lay member of the congregation who happens to be present, e.g., royalty, a visiting dignitary, the Mayor, etc., to recite the Creed in lieu of the cantor. This practice stems from the tradition that the prerogative to recite the Creed belonged to the Emperor, speaking for his populace.

Some evangelical and other Christians consider the Nicene Creed helpful and to a certain extent authoritative, but not infallibly so in view of their belief that only Scripture is truly authoritative.^[46]^[47] Other groups, such as the Church of the New Jerusalem, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, and the Jehovah's Witnesses explicitly reject some of the statements in the Creed.^[48]^[49]^[50]^[51]

Ancient liturgical versions[edit]

This section is not meant to collect the texts of all liturgical versions of the Nicene Creed, and provides only three, the Greek, the Latin, and the Armenian, of special interest. Others are mentioned separately, but without the texts. All ancient liturgical versions, even the Greek, differ at least to some small extent from the text adopted by the First Councils of Nicaea and Constantinople. The Creed was originally written in Greek, owing to the location of the two councils.^[10]

But though the councils' texts have "Πιστεύομεν ... ὁμολογοῦμεν ... προσδοκοῦμεν" (we believe ... confess ... await), the Creed that the Churches of Byzantine tradition use in their liturgy has "Πιστεύω ... ὁμολογῶ ... προσδοκῶ" (I believe ... confess ... await), accentuating the personal nature of recitation of the Creed. The Latin text, as well as using the singular, has two additions: "Deum de Deo" (God from God) and "Filioque" (and from the Son). The Armenian text has many more additions, and is included as showing how that ancient church has chosen to recite the Creed with these numerous elaborations of its contents.^[10]

An English translation of the Armenian text is added; English translations of the Greek and Latin liturgical texts are given atEnglish versions of the Nicene Creed in current use.

Greek liturgical text[edit]

Πιστεύω εἰς ἕνα Θεόν, Πατέρα, Παντοκράτορα, ποιητὴν οὐρανοῦ καὶ γῆς, ὁρατῶν τε πάντων καὶ ἀοράτων.

Καὶ εἰς ἕνα Κύριον Ἰησοῦν Χριστόν, τὸν Υἱὸν τοῦ Θεοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ, τὸν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς γεννηθέντα πρὸ πάντων τῶν αἰώνων·

φῶς ἐκ φωτός, Θεὸν ἀληθινὸν ἐκ Θεοῦ ἀληθινοῦ, γεννηθέντα οὐ ποιηθέντα, ὁμοούσιον τῷ Πατρί, δι' οὗ τὰ πάντα ἐγένετο.

Τὸν δι' ἡμᾶς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους καὶ διὰ τὴν ἡμετέραν σωτηρίαν κατελθόντα ἐκ τῶν οὐρανῶν καὶ σαρκωθέντα

ἐκ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου καὶ Μαρίας τῆς Παρθένου καὶ ἐνανθρωπήσαντα.

Σταυρωθέντα τε ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ Ποντίου Πιλάτου, καὶ παθόντα καὶ ταφέντα.

Καὶ ἀναστάντα τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ κατὰ τὰς Γραφάς.

Καὶ ἀνελθόντα εἰς τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ καθεζόμενον ἐκ δεξιῶν τοῦ Πατρός.

Καὶ πάλιν ἐρχόμενον μετὰ δόξης κρῖναι ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς, οὗ τῆς βασιλείας οὐκ ἔσται τέλος.

Καὶ εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον, τὸ κύριον, τὸ ζῳοποιόν,

τὸ ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον,

τὸ σὺν Πατρὶ καὶ Υἱῷ συμπροσκυνούμενον καὶ συνδοξαζόμενον,

τὸ λαλῆσαν διὰ τῶν προφητῶν.

Εἰς μίαν, Ἁγίαν, Καθολικὴν καὶ Ἀποστολικὴν Ἐκκλησίαν.

Ὁμολογῶ ἓν βάπτισμα εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν.

Προσδοκῶ ἀνάστασιν νεκρῶν.

Καὶ ζωὴν τοῦ μέλλοντος αἰῶνος.

Ἀμήν.^[52]^[53]

Latin liturgical version[edit]

17th-century Russian icon illustrating the articles of the Creed

Credo in unum Deum,

Patrem omnipoténtem,

Factórem cæli et terræ,

Visibílium ómnium et invisibílium.

Et in unum Dóminum Iesum Christum,

Fílium Dei Unigénitum,

Et ex Patre natum ante ómnia sǽcula.

Deum de Deo, lumen de lúmine, Deum verum de Deo vero,

Génitum, non factum, consubstantiálem Patri:

Per quem ómnia facta sunt.

Qui propter nos hómines et propter nostram salútem

Descéndit de cælis.

Et incarnátus est de Spíritu Sancto

Ex María Vírgine, et homo factus est.

Crucifíxus étiam pro nobis sub Póntio Piláto;

Passus, et sepúltus est,

Et resurréxit tértia die, secúndum Scriptúras,

Et ascéndit in cælum, sedet ad déxteram Patris.

Et íterum ventúrus est cum glória,

Iudicáre vivos et mórtuos,

Cuius regni non erit finis.

Et in Spíritum Sanctum, Dóminum et vivificántem:

Qui ex Patre Filióque procédit.

Qui cum Patre et Fílio simul adorátur et conglorificátur:

Qui locútus est per prophétas.

Et unam, sanctam, cathólicam et apostólicam Ecclésiam.

Confíteor unum baptísma in remissiónem peccatórum.

Et expécto resurrectiónem mortuórum,

Et vitam ventúri sǽculi. Amen.^[54]

The Latin text adds "Deum de Deo" and "Filioque" to the Greek. On the latter see The Filioque Controversy above. Inevitably also, the overtones of the terms used, such as "παντοκράτορα" (pantokratora) and "omnipotentem" differ ("pantokratora" meaning Ruler of all; "omnipotentem" meaning omnipotent, Almighty). The implications of this for the interpretation of "ἐκπορευόμενον" and "qui ... procedit" was the object of the study The Greek and the Latin Traditions regarding the Procession of the Holy Spirit published by the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity in 1996.^[55]

Again, the terms "ὁμοούσιον" and "consubstantialem", translated as "of one being" or "consubstantial", have different overtones, being based respectively on Greek οὐσία (stable being, immutable reality, substance, essence, true nature),[3]and Latin substantia (that of which a thing consists, the being, essence, contents, material, substance).^[55]

"Credo", which in classical Latin is used with the accusative case of the thing held to be true (and with the dative of the person to whom credence is given),^[56] is here used three times with the preposition "in", a literal translation of the Greek "εἰς" (in unum Deum ..., in unum Dominum ..., in Spiritum Sanctum ...), and once in the classical preposition-less construction (unam, sanctam, catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam).

Armenian liturgical text[edit]

Հաւատամք ի մի Աստուած, ի Հայրն ամենակալ, յարարիչն երկնի եւ երկրի, երեւելեաց եւ աներեւութից։

Եւ ի մի Տէր Յիսուս Քրիստոս, յՈրդին Աստուծոյ, ծնեալն յԱստուծոյ Հօրէ, միածին՝ այսինքն յէութենէ Հօր։

Աստուած յԱստուծոյ, լոյս ի լուսոյ, Ասւ թեան իջեալ յերկնից՝ մարմնացաւ, մարդացաւ, ծնաւ կատարելապէս ի Մարիամայ սրբոյ կուսէն Հոգւովն սրբով։

Որով էառ զմարմին, զհոգի եւ զմիտ, եւ զամենայն որ ինչ է ի մարդ, ճշմարտապէս եւ ոչ կարծեօք։

Չարչարեալ, խաչեալ, թաղեալ, յերրորդ աւուր յարուցեալ, ելեալ ի յերկինս նովին մարմնով, նստաւ ընդ աջմէ Հօր։

Գալոց է նովին մարմնովն եւ փառօք Հօր ի դատել զկենդանիս եւ զմեռեալս, որոյ թագաւորութեանն ոչ գոյ վախճան։

Հաւատամք եւ ի սուրբ Հոգին, յանեղն եւ ի կատարեալն․ Որ խօսեցաւ յօրէնս եւ ի մարգարէս եւ յաւետարանս․ Որ էջն ի Յորդանան, քարոզեաց զառաքեալսն, եւ բնակեցաւ ի սուրբսն։

Հաւատամք եւ ի մի միայն, ընդհանրական, եւ առաքելական, Սուրբ Եկեղեցի․ ի մի մկրտութիւն, յապաշխարհութիւն, ի քաւութիւն եւ ի թողութիւն մեղաց․ ի յարութիւնն մեռելոց․ ի դատաստանն յաւիտենից հոգւոց եւ մարմնոց․ յարքայութիւնն երկնից, եւ ի կեանսն յաւիտենականս։

English translation of the Armenian version

We believe in one God, the Father Almighty, the maker of heaven and earth, of things visible and invisible.

And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the begotten of God the Father, the Only-begotten, that is of the essence of the Father.

God of God, Light of Light, true God of true God, begotten and not made; of the very same nature of the Father, by Whom all things came into being, in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible.

Who for us humanity and for our salvation came down from heaven, was incarnate, was made human, was born perfectly of the holy virgin Mary by the Holy Spirit.

By whom He took body, soul, and mind, and everything that is in man, truly and not in semblance.

He suffered, was crucified, was buried, rose again on the third day, ascended into heaven with the same body, [and] sat at the right hand of the Father.

He is to come with the same body and with the glory of the Father, to judge the living and the dead; of His kingdom there is no end.

We believe in the Holy Spirit, in the uncreated and the perfect; Who spoke through the Law, prophets, and Gospels; Who came down upon the Jordan, preached through the apostles, and lived in the saints.

We believe also in only One, Universal, Apostolic, and [Holy] Church; in one baptism in repentance, for the remission, and forgiveness of sins; and in the resurrection of the dead, in the everlasting judgement of souls and bodies, and the Kingdom of Heaven and in the everlasting life.^[57]

Other ancient liturgical versions[edit]

The version in the Church Slavonic language, used by several Eastern Orthodox Churches is practically identical with the Greek liturgical version.

This version is used also by some Byzantine Rite Eastern Catholic Churches. Although the Union of Brest excluded addition of the Filioque, this was sometimes added by Ruthenian Catholics,^[58] whose liturgical books now give the phrase in brackets, and by Ukrainian Catholics. Writing in 1971, the Ruthenian Scholar Fr. Casimir Kucharek noted, "In Eastern Catholic Churches, the Filioque may be omitted except when scandal would ensue. Most of the Eastern Catholic Rites use it."^[59] However, in the decades that followed 1971 it has come to be used more rarely.^[60]^[61]^[62]

The versions used by Oriental Orthodoxy differ from the Greek liturgical version in having "We believe", as in the original text, instead of "I believe".^[63]

The Church of the East, which is in communion neither with the Eastern Orthodox Church nor with Oriental Orthodoxy also uses "We believe".^[64]

English translations[edit]

Main article: English versions of the Nicene Creed

The version found in the 1662 Book of Common Prayer is still commonly used by some English speakers, but more modern translations are now more common.

International Consultation on English Texts[edit]

The International Consultation on English Texts published an English translation of the Nicene Creed, first in 1970 and then in successive revisions in 1971 and 1975. These texts were adopted by several churches.

The Roman Catholic Church in the United States, which adopted the 1971 version in 1973, and the Catholic Church in other English-speaking countries, which in 1975 adopted the version published in that year, continued to use them until 2011 upon the introduction of the Roman Missal third edition.

The 1975 version was included in the 1979 Episcopal Church (United States) Book of Common Prayer, though with one variation: in the line "For us men and for our salvation", it omitted the word "men".

Other English translations[edit]

For the text of the Nicene Creed published in 1988 by the English Language Liturgical Consultation, the successor body of the International Consultation on English Texts, see their website. For the text as recited in the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, see the website of the Australian National Catholic Education Commission or Youcat, section 29.

References[edit]

Jump up^ Readings in the History of Christian Theology by William Carl Placher 1988 ISBN 0-664-24057-7 pages 52–53
Jump up^ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04479a.htm
Jump up^ http://www.antiochian.org/content/nicene-creed
Jump up^ http://oca.org/orthodoxy/the-orthodox-faith/doctrine/the-symbol-of-faith/nicene-creed
Jump up^ Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, "Profession of Faith"
Jump up^ Code of Canon Law, canon 833
Jump up^ [1] "Archbishop Averky Liturgics – The Small Compline", Retrieved 2013-04-14
Jump up^ [2] "Archbishop Averky Liturgics – The Symbol of Faith", Retrieved 2013-04-14
Jump up^ This version is called the Nicene Creed in Catholic Prayers, Creeds of the Catholic Church, Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane, etc.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c What the Armenian Church calls the Nicene Creed is given in the Armenian Church Library, St Leon Armenian Church, Armenian Diaconate, etc.]
Jump up^ For instance, "Instead of the Niceno-Constantinopolitan Creed, especially during Lent and Easter time, the baptismal Symbol of the Roman Church, known as the Apostles' Creed, may be used" (in the Roman Rite ) (Roman Missal, Order of Mass, 19).
Jump up^ Philip Schaff, The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. III: article Constantinopolitan Creed lists eight creed-forms calling themselves Niceno-Constantinopolitan or Nicene.
Jump up^ Symbol. c.1434, "creed, summary, religious belief," from L.L. symbolum "creed, token, mark," from Gk. symbolon "token, watchword" (applied c.250 by Cyprian of Carthage to the Apostles' Creed, on the notion of the "mark" that distinguishes Christians from pagans), from syn- "together" + stem of ballein "to throw." The sense evolution is from "throwing things together" to "contrasting" to "comparing" to "token used in comparisons to determine if something is genuine." Hence, "outward sign" of something. The meaning "something which stands for something else" first recorded 1590 (in "Faerie Queene"). Symbolic is attested from 1680. (symbol. Online Etymology Dictionary. Douglas Harper, Historian. Accessed: 24 March 2008).
Jump up^ Lyman, J. Rebecca (2010). "The Invention of 'Heresy' and 'Schism'" (PDF). The Cambridge History of Christianity. Retrieved 2015-11-30.
Jump up^ Bindley, T. Herbert. The Oecumenical Documents of the Faith Methuen & C° 4th edn. 1950 revised by Green, F.W. pp. 15, 26–27
Jump up^ Kelly J.N.D. Early Christian Creeds Longmans (1963) pp. 217–8
Jump up^ Williams, Rowan. Arius SCM (2nd Edn 2001) pp. 69-70
Jump up^ Kelly J.N.D. Early Christian Creeds Longmans (1963) pp. 218f
Jump up^ Kelly J.N.D. Early Christian Creeds Longmans (1963) pp. 22–30
Jump up^ Both names are common. Instances of the former are in the Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church and in theRoman Missal, while the latter is used consistently by theFaith and Order Commission. "Constantinopolitan Creed" can also be found, but very rarely.
Jump up^ "Religion Facts, four of the five Protestant denominations studied agree with the Nicene Creed and the fifth may as well, they just don't do creeds in general". RetrievedOctober 29, 2014.
Jump up^ "Christianity Today reports on a study that shows most evangelicals believe the basic Nicene formulation". Retrieved October 29, 2014.
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c "Nicene Creed". Encyclopedia Britannica. RetrievedJune 16, 2013.
Jump up^ Schaff's Seven Ecumenical Councils: Second Ecumenical: The Holy Creed Which the 150 Holy Fathers Set Forth...
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c Kelly, J.N.D. Early Christian Creeds Longmans (1960²)p. 305; p.307 & pp. 322–331 respectively
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c Davis, Leo Donald S.J., The First Seven Ecumenical Councils, The Liturgical Press, Collegeville, Minnesota, 1990, ISBN 0-8146-5616-1, pp. 120–122 and 185
Jump up^ Kelly, J.N.D. Early Christian Creeds London, 1973
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Richard Price, Michael Gaddis (editors), The Acts of the Council of Chalcedon (Liverpool University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-85323039-7), p. 3
Jump up^ Philip Schaff, The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. III: article Constantinopolitan Creed
Jump up^ It was the original 325 creed, not the one that is attributed to the second Ecumenical Council in 381, that was recited at the Council of Ephesus (The Third Ecumenical Council. The Council of Ephesus, p. 202).
Jump up^ Excursus on the Words πίστιν ἑτέραν
Jump up^ Canon VII of the Council of Ephesus
Jump up^ Excursus on the Words πίστιν ἑτέραν
Jump up^ Schaff's Creeds: Forma Recepta Ecclesiæ Orientalis. A.D. 381
^ Jump up to:^a ^b ^c ^d Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity: The Greek and the Latin Traditions regarding the Procession of the Holy Spirit and same document on another site
Jump up^ Schaff's Creeds: Forma Recepta, Ecclesiæ Occidentalis
Jump up^ See Creeds of Christendom.
Jump up^ For a different view, see e.g. Excursus on the Words πίστιν ἑτέραν
Jump up^ http://biblehub.com/greek/1607.htm
Jump up^ St. Gregory of Nazianzus, Oratio 39 in sancta lumina, inPatrologia Graeca, ed. by J.P. Migne, vol. 36, D’Ambroise, Paris 1858, XII, PG 36, 348 B: Πνεῦμα ἅγιον ἀληθῶς τὸ πνεῦμα, προϊὸν μὲν ἐκ τοῦ Πατρὸς, οὐχ ὑϊκῶς δὲ, οὐδὲ γὰρ γεννητῶς, ἀλλ’ ἐκπορευτῶς [The Holy Spirit is truly Spirit, going from (προϊὸν, a word that can correspond to the Latinprocedens) the Father, not as a Son (οὐχ ὑϊκῶς) nor indeed as begotten (γεννητῶς) but as originating (ἐκπορευτῶς)].
Jump up^ St. Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 31 on the Holy Spirit, in Patrologia Graeca, ed. by J.P. Migne, vol. 36, D’Ambroise, Paris 1858, X, PG 36, 141 C: Τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον, ὃ παρὰ τοῦ πατρὸς ἐκπορεύεται· ὃ καθ’ ὅσον μὲν ἐκεῖθεν ἐκπορεύεται, οὐ κτίσμα· καθ’ ὅσον δὲ οὐ γεννητόν, οὐχ υἱός· καθ’ ὅσον δὲ ἀγεννήτου καὶ γεννητοῦ μέσον θεός: [The Holy Spirit, ‘who has his origin in the Father’ [John 15:26], who inasmuch as he has his origin in him, is not a creature. Inasmuch as he is not begotten, he is not the Son; inasmuch as he is the middle of the Unbegotten and the Begotten, he is God].
Jump up^ Such as St. Gregory of Nazianzen, as seen in the passage from Oratio 39 cited above.
Jump up^ Briefly, Arianism is a Trinitarian heresy that denies the divinity of the Son, the Second Person. It claims that the Son is subordinate to the Father, so much so that the Son is a mere creature. Orthodox (in the sense of non-heterodox) Trinitarian doctrine teaches that the Persons are distinct from each other only as regards their mutual relations. If the Father has the power to communicate the Divine essence to the Holy Spirit (which is the same thing as saying that the Holy Spirit proceeds—in the Latin sense—from the Father), it follows that the Son must have exactly the same power, since Father and Son are the same in every respect except in their mutual relation. Denying this (by denying theFilioque), Catholic doctrine would argue, would make the Son subordinate to the Father, as in Arianism.
Jump up^ See etymology given in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000
Jump up^ Ordo Missae, 18–19
Jump up^ N. R. Kehn, Scott Bayles, Restoring the Restoration Movement (Xulon Press 2009 ISBN 978-1-60791-358-0), chapter 7
Jump up^ Donald T. Williams, Credo (Chalice Press 2007 ISBN 978-0-8272-0505-5), pp. xiv–xv
Jump up^ Timothy Larsen, Daniel J. Treier, The Cambridge Companion to Evangelical Theology (Cambridge University Press 2007 9780521846981), p. 4
Jump up^ Dallin H. Oaks, Apostasy And Restoration, Ensign, May 1995
Jump up^ Stephen Hunt, Alternative Religions (Ashgate 2003 ISBN 978-0-7546-3410-2), p. 48
Jump up^ Charles Simpson, Inside the Churches of Christ(Arthurhouse 2009 ISBN 978-1-4389-0140-4), p. 133
Jump up^ Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America: Liturgical Texts. Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America.
Jump up^ Η ΘΕΙΑ ΛΕΙΤΟΥΡΓΙΑ. Church of Greece.
Jump up^ Missale Romanum
^ Jump up to:^a ^b Charlton T. Lewis, A Latin Dictionary
Jump up^ Lewis & Short
Jump up^ Text in Armenian, with transliteration and English translation
Jump up^ Andrew Shipman, "Ruthenian Rite" in Catholic Encyclopedia (New York 1912)
Jump up^ Kucharek, Casimir (1971), The Byzantine-Slav Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom: Its Origin and Evolution, Combermere, Ontario, Canada: Alleluia Press., p. 547, ISBN 0-911726-06-3
Jump up^ Paul Babie, "The Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church in Australia and the Filioque: A Return to Eastern Christian Tradition"
Jump up^ Pastoral Letter of the Ukrainian Catholic Hierarchy in Canada, 1 September 2005
Jump up^ Mark M. Morozowich, "Pope John Paul II and Ukrainian Catholic Liturgical Life: Renewal of Eastern Identity"
Jump up^ Nicene Creed (Armenian Apostolic Church); The Coptic Orthodox Church: Our Creed (Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria); Nicene Creed (Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church); The Nicene Creed (Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church); The Nicene Creed (Syriac Orthodox Church).
Jump up^ Creed of Nicaea (Assyrian Church of the East)

Bibliography[edit]

Ayres, Lewis (2006). Nicaea and Its Legacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-875505-8.
A. E. Burn, The Council of Nicaea (1925)
G. Forell, Understanding the Nicene Creed (1965)
Kelly, J. (1982). Early Christian Creeds. City: Longman Publishing Group. ISBN 0-582-49219-X.

External links[edit]

The full text of Nicene Creed at Wikisource
Latin Wikisource has original text related to this article: Symbolum Nicænum Costantinopolitanum
Greek Wikisource has original text related to this article: Nicene Creed in Greek
Extensive discussion of the texts of the First Council of Nicea
Philip Schaff, Creeds of Christendom Volume I: Nicene Creed
Athanasius, De Decretis or Defence of the Nicene Definition
Line-by-Line Roman Catholic Explanation of the Nicene Creed
Nicene Creed in languages of the world
Essays on the Nicene Creed from the Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary Library
Modern English translations of the documents produced at Nicaea
"The Nicene Creed", run time 42 minutes, BBC "In Our Time" audio history series, moderator and historians, Episode 12-27-2007

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Categories:

4th-century Christian texts

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Do you know Figs and dates?

Do you know Figs and dates? Do you know peace is an equation; much like a triangle where the answer is always the same; that angle A,b and c will add up to 180 degrees just as one Rabi says all the avenues of the Torah lead to peace!

Cain and Abel is not Sibling rivalry but self appreciation. It about ending your enmity with God...somehow. Buy six glasses from the Ikea "Godis" series or just be the friend to others

and the family member to others you would wish them to be to you; maybe take some photos. Appreciate. Animals do not argue. They are not stressed. They only run from certain kinds of beings; those in emotional disease who deny the law of peace in themselves.

Now, Jesus went to Rabi School and then graduated like many others but the teachers ran after Jesus and asked who does he think he will be? But, there is nothing wrong with Jesus understanding something that He might apply Isaiah 61. But, Mephibosheth and his children chose authority over understanding as they coveted the throne of Israel and God's authority to choose who sits on the throne. But, to have authority as a Rabi beyond appearance and form, you need understanding to be effective in the field; to be effective in temple and court to have and honor authority and to have real authority is to have understanding so that you can honor authority. It is not just showing up and appearing with your arms flailing as you hope no one else will notice or that they do not have sufficient understanding to see you as the dead wood from the trees. Michal takes praise for Mephibosheth since she said the honor will rest; not in what God did through David's ability but through her decision to put a lame in authority; a lame that she created and that would never leave her as she was bitter about David and his honor for the Ark of Israel; the Coat of Arms. Her soul is now depicted in the movie Alien: Covenant(2017). There are no animals or people since she is just death where you find her sitting unchecked. 1000 generations may pass away from the day of David's death but if coveting the authority to choose the King of Israel continues in Mephibosheth, then this tension in real vs. feigned authority and appearance vs. actual authority will continue in perpetuity. Being aggressive does not hide your dysfunction but it seems to magnify it and then you turn it into a culture as you need all of society to be together with you in what you ask as you try to hide what you are and in society's demise. To get out of Mephibosheth, just say you are here to give God thanks and acknowledge God's forgiveness in your confession of your sins; the sins that you know and the sins you do not comprehend immediately. Benjamin, Saul's tribe, has a lot of children and they do not need to die for Mephibosheth. Mephibosheth in his disability and dishonor is not Israel. The Jews were expelled from Spain by Babylonians who joined the Catholic church, had an inquisition and then latinised the church by turning Matzah into Mass. They also burned many original Torahs. The Catholic Church used the term Matzah for church service up to the 9th century. He emphasized Isaiah 61 in his studies and preached on it for his final graduation test with a teaching in Synagogue during Matzah. Then, the Catholic, Protestant or Jewish Boston, Calgary or London graduate says "..it is written. You do not have enough evidence according to your sworn brief to demonstrate the charges in the actus reus and mens rea. You must withdraw." But, because of good law and an established system of principles, we sing Holiday with Madonna and celebrate, withdraw the matter if unproveable and show up again to give thanks; like Sam the sheep dog in Bugs bunny.

When you find a Mical, Mephibosheth or a human monkey, what do you do? You kill them for the Catholic community and for Israel! Bring peace since they intended to see war on humanity and creativity. They seem to panic every time there is a technological tower of Babel like a 386 personal computer and then they bring war. But, they will just follow participatory remuneration this time and we will kill the hell they present in what is to be a peaceful society.

^{After the Babylonians joined the church, they expressed their difficulty in hearing but not hearing and seeing but not seeing and then called the sacraments a mystery but its not really a mystery, it is understanding. See Psalms 82. But, if you read and believe it, the Babylonian will say who do you make yourself out to be? Who do you think you are and when you say see and read Psalms 82, he will say " but, I don't understand?" He is in every faith that preaches the faith of Abraham and arrives as a necessary expounder of the gospel in that if he did not exist, we might become soft in our vehicles where there is war and also in our kitchens where there is war. He is the strand of selfishness that Biblical Adam conceived with Eve when they heard God but did not hear. He is Cain and Cain is dead but his testimony is the unwillingness to believe and create that which is inside yourself that you may create it. But, instead he rejects everything that come outside of himself and says it is not good enough while Abel says all that comes from my hand, God has blessed it. Cain is destructive while Abel is constructive and his symptom is terminal. It is stubbornness in that he refuses to accept the only truth. God made you good but you have a hand in making yourself. Cain's opinion of his own vegetables; his prize pumpkin is what led him to covet Abel's offering. The only truth is Shadrach Meshach and Abednego is the proof of Cain's own self rejection. To ask God as God did instruct was to start with thanking God for the opportunity and then offering the opportunity to God's honor. Maybe Cain did not ask and as such, he did not make his essay a centre piece of honor to God as not everyone gets into...the Universities..any University...and you are a Black Catholic Jew ancestrally with lots of Whiter Jews betting on you to represent. Cain's father Adam was given and opportunity to name the animals and he honored God in the opportunity. Now, don't kill too many lambs. You could take the sacraments but maybe eat some lamb more often. I saw some Alliance lamb in the supermarket today. Cook it for an extra minute and give a prayer of thanks. Open some wine or some grape juice. You could be a Cain or an Abel. It is the flip side of the coin in everyone; every human being. You don't have to understand all of it but you need to see how gay Cain is to reject his ten toes and fingers as if he is disabled like a Mephibosheth. Mephibosheth must not want to give thanks for opportunities or offer them to God. Some people who look like Charles Mephibosheth were born into families that were ancestral coal miners; some were born into silver palaces. You don't need to do anything to have authority except give thanks for your ten toes and fingers whether or not you know how to name God but in seeing that authority is relational in a society and if you need to feel it, then maybe you need to do something that brings you above the average being in your society; like getting a Lifeguard qualification. You can do that at any age but you may have to go swimming class with 15 years old or maybe they offer an adult course. Maybe you could read the Atlantic Monthly and try not to fall asleep. Maybe you could get a free online subscription with the Guardian or the Times of London. See how you feel but it is better than killing your mother or your wife for a light switch game where you turn the light off on her when she is cooking and then you say "..my authority" and then you beat her up when she turns it back on or you punch your girlfriend after dinner at ALL BAR ONE when she smiles at the male waitress and says ".. he is good young black chap; sounds like he's a student from Canaduh...I hear he is Charmo's and Oswadi's nephew and he knows Brendon who is his Uncle and his mother is Grace and his Father is a Leefand; are they all gay? It's not as if his faith to graduate is like Joseph's dream or sommeing; innit? Breda is not gay and nor are any of them or maybe his sister is. But being gay is not an alibi or immunity for violence and evil. Maybe they never read WEB Dubois and they cut his cheek and then they abused him to study hard and to play music but they don't know to use their authority to benefit from what he has studied. Oswald is trying to have an ego movement or reverse civil rights movement like those Black Haitian folk of various complexions trained in Newcastle, who sound Jamaican and who were trained to shoot people in the back from 7 years old and that Black people should not have education; only Whites like the antithesis of W.E.B. Dubois and then they edited Dubois' book so that it equates to the goal and endeavor of education but that you have to navigate death or civil mistreatment as your only options while everyone smiles on you while you are studying; including the fattest bastard from Virginia who forgot he had a Black grandmother and that his father had a poster of Jackie Robinson and a naked unofficial poster of Lena Horne; ooowee he says; hamina hamina he says! They also fight the nice people like the Howells and the Fleurys who hand out nice Hostess chips and tootsie rolls to kids during Halloween. I got some nice candies and I paid it back with some open mindedness at Church. That says no Black man he knows should have any education or a city job if he as Oswald chose to work only with his hands and rob a bank every 2 weeks. He is trying to kill him and others and he tells people maybe there is insurance on him. There is no insurance on him. This degree is his 2nd graduation; innit? Are they monkey people? They should help him with his...they say he is on track not only to graduate but to get a high 2:1..not many of those round here any more..innit? Horace and Paul kill them to feel authority as trades graduates from what school.. I don't know." If you are worshiping natural energy as you watch people have sex on tv and addictively, maybe it is because you have not closed the enmity between yourself and God and God is intimacy in the most innate form when you began your life in the womb. It is appreciation of energy and communication. Create a womb in your mind where you were able to hear and experience music before you could breath on your own. Watch surfing. Walk with a woman through a park and read a book with her in a park. Be a sex addict if you wish but then you will see that you are sinning against the straight line in your conscience and taking drugs to hide the way in which your body is confessing in body language and demeanor. Offer anything you to do God to honor Him as a worship. That's how I write my essays. But, don't think you understand what i am trying to say to you! Now F!$@#$k off and reference my SH@!#$@$T if you must or you will understand the death you are in as a murderer. But, my stuff is Sh@#$@$#T except you evil people are just dunce at U of True or U of New Br@#$@$ck. Thank God for the opportunity. Appreciate this name...you protect but you are about to die for a lack of appreciating. Will it be Cain as in Cain yourself or will you say you are Abel as in you are well able to do it? Run along now! Go on! Camilla is a man under the waist and Charles is a vagina. The issue is his mother or should we say Father born a boy but turned into a girl;not for authority but for the perverse resentment of a father who watched football but did not play and resented his 3 year old son; now the Queen Lizzy of Mephibosheth who showed a keen and innate gifting. He was turned into a girl at 5 years old who did not wake up again until he was 8 years old and did not remember anything until 70 years old. This is the hell and it is very hard to forgive but now she is an Emperor Palpatine so to speak but she wears pink quite often with lipstick and not a dark old robe but the government was run for years on a fear of recognition for being unnatural so it became a game of authority to hide and shield the sovereignty with a community of sex operations like Bibbly Bare and others like Jeeenigly Augustino just like her so she would not feel too alone..}^{(Charles was going to have some sex operations around him too so that he would not feel too alone; is this worth a war from a Junior House of Wettin? But, he will have his natural being and sire if he wishes. He will also read exam books that border on 2:3 or maybe 1st ) ...}^{..although the sovereignty is really the people and all you needed to do is not fear but give the people the monies in the final equation of peace in light of automation in economics and business activity; the Salus Populi also known as Laicite or the Seken. Bon Repose; Remember? Charles read Playboy and his first wife read Cosmopolitan. His penis was cut at the request of his first wife's School friend; the polo playing red head colonel. She was much younger and some what childish as he was 30 years old in 1969. He had no formal education and neither did she. The third person in the marriage was really the spirit of Jezebel.}

Cain and Abel is not Sibling rivalry but self appreciation. It about ending your enmity with God...somehow. Buy six glasses from the Ikea "Godis" series or just be the friend to others

Now, Jesus went to Rabi School and then graduated like many others but the teachers ran after Jesus and asked who does he think he will be? But, there is nothing wrong with Jesus understanding something that He might apply Isaiah 61. But, Mephibosheth and his children chose authority over understanding as they coveted the throne of Israel and God's authority to choose who sits on the throne. But, to have authority as a Rabi beyond appearance and form, you need understanding to be effective in the field; to be effective in temple and court to have and honor authority and to have real authority is to have understanding so that you can honor authority. It is not just showing up and appearing with your arms flailing as you hope no one else will notice or has sufficient understanding to see you as the dead wood from the trees. 1000 generations may pass away from the day of David's death but if coveting the authority to choose the King of Israel continues in Mephibosheth, then this tension in real vs. feigned authority and appearance vs. actual authority will continue in perpetuity. Being aggressive does not hide your dysfunction but it seems you need all of society to be together with you in what you ask to hide what you are and in society's demise. Benjamin, Saul's tribe, has a lot of children and they do not need to die for Mephibosheth. Mephibosheth in his disability and dishonor is not Israel. The Jews were expelled from Spain by Babylonians who joined the Catholic church, had an inquisition and then latinised the church by turning Matzah into Mass. They also burned many original Torahs. The Catholic Church used the term Matzah for church service up to the 9th century. He emphasized Isaiah 61 in his studies and preached on it for his final graduation test with a teaching in Synagogue during Matzah. Then, the Catholic, Protestant or Jewish Boston, Calgary or London graduate says "..it is written. You do not have enough evidence according to your sworn brief to demonstrate the charges in the actus reus and mens rea. You must withdraw." But, because of good law and an established system of principles, we sing Holiday with Madonna and celebrate, withdraw the matter if unproveable and show up again to give thanks; like Sam the sheep dog in Bugs bunny.

The French historian Du Cange in 1678 reported "various opinions on the origin" of the noun missa "mass", including the derivation from Hebrew matzah (Missah, id est, oblatio), here attributed to Caesar Baronius. The Hebrew derivation is learned speculation from 16th-century philology; medieval authorities did derive the noun missa from the verb mittere, but not in connection with the formula ite, missa est.^[11] Thus, De divinis officiis (9th century^[12]) explains the word as a mittendo, quod nos mittat ad Deo ("from 'sending', that which sends us towards God"),^[13] while Rupert of Deutz (early 12th century) derives it from a "dismissal" of the "enmities which had been between God and men" (inimicitiarum quæ erant inter Deum et homines).^{[14]

After the Babylonians joined the church, they expressed their difficulty in hearing but not hearing and seeing but not seeing and then called the sacraments a mystery but its not really a mystery, it is understanding. See Psalms 82. But, if you read and believe it, the Babylonian will say who do you make yourself out to be? Who do you think you are and when you say see and read Psalms 82, he will say " but, I don't understand?" He is in every faith that preaches the faith of Abraham and arrives as a necessary expounder of the gospel in that if he did not exist, we might become soft in our vehicles where there is war and also in our kitchens where there is war. He is the strand of selfishness that Biblical Adam conceived with Eve when they heard God but did not hear. He is Cain and Cain is dead but his testimony is the unwillingness to believe and create that which is inside yourself that you may create it. But, instead he rejects everything that come outside of himself and says it is not good enough while Abel says all that comes from my hand, God has blessed it. Cain is destructive while Abel is constructive and his symptom is terminal. It is stubbornness in that he refuses to accept the only truth. God made you good but you have a hand in making yourself. Cain's opinion of his own vegetables; his prize pumpkin is what led him to covet Abel's offering. The only truth is Shadrach Meshach and Abednego is the proof of Cain's own self rejection. To ask God as God did instruct was to start with thanking God for the opportunity and then offering the opportunity to God's honor. Maybe Cain did not ask and as such, he did not make his essay a centre piece of honor to God as not everyone gets into...the Universities..any University...and you are a Black Catholic Jew ancestrally with lots of Whiter Jews betting on you to represent. Cain's father Adam was given and opportunity to name the animals and he honored God in the opportunity. Now, don't kill too many lambs. You could take the sacraments but maybe eat some lamb more often. I saw some Alliance lamb in the supermarket today. Cook it for an extra minute and give a prayer of thanks. Open some wine or some grape juice. You could be a Cain or an Abel. It is the flip side of the coin in everyone; every human being. You don't have to understand all of it but you need to see how gay Cain is to reject his ten toes and fingers as if he is disabled like a Mephibosheth. Mephibosheth must not give thanks for opportunities or offer them to God. Some people who look like Charles Mephibosheth were born into families that were ancestral coal miners; some were born into silver palaces. You don't need to do anything to have authority except give thanks for your ten toes and fingers whether or not you know how to name God but in seeing that authority is relational in a society and if you need to feel it, then maybe you need to do something that brings you above the average being in your society; like getting a Lifeguard qualification. You can do that at any age but you may have to go swimming class with 15 years old or maybe they offer an adult course. Maybe you could read the Atlantic Monthly and try not to fall asleep. Maybe you could get a free online subscription with the Guardian or the Times of London. See how you feel but it is better than killing your mother or your wife for a light switch game where you turn the light off on her when she is cooking and then you say "..my authority" and then you beat her up when she turns it back on or you punch your girlfriend after dinner at ALL BAR ONE when she smiles at the male waitress and says ".. he is good young black chap; sounds like he's a student from Canaduh...I hear he is Charmo's and Oswadi's nephew and he knows Brendon who is his Uncle and his mother is Grace and his Father is a Leefand; are they all gay? It's not as if his faith to graduate is like Joseph's dream or sommeing; innit? Breda is not gay and nor are any of them or maybe his sister is. But being gay is not an alibi or immunity for violence and evil. Maybe they never read WEB Dubois and they cut his cheek and then they abused him to study hard and to play music but they don't know to use their authority to benefit from what he has studied. Oswald is trying to have an ego movement or reverse civil rights movement like those Black Haitian folk of various complexions trained in Newcastle, who sound Jamaican and who were trained to shoot people in the back from 7 years old and that Black people should not have education; only Whites like the antithesis of W.E.B. Dubois and then they edited Dubois' book so that it equates to the goal and endeavor of education but that you have to navigate death or civil mistreatment as your only options while everyone smiles on you while you are studying; including the fattest bastard from Virginia who forgot he had a Black grandmother and that his father had a poster of Jackie Robinson and a naked unofficial poster of Lena Horne; ooowee he says; hamina hamina he says! They also fight the nice people like the Howells and the Fleurys who hand out nice Hostess chips and tootsie rolls to kids during Halloween. I got some nice candies and I paid it back with some open mindedness at Church. That says no Black man he knows should have any education or a city job if he as Oswald chose to work only with his hands and rob a bank every 2 weeks. He is trying to kill him and others and he tells people maybe there is insurance on him. There is no insurance on him. This degree is his 2nd graduation; innit? Are they monkey people? They should help him with his...they say he is on track not only to graduate but to get a high 2:1..not many of those round here any more..innit? Horace and Paul kill them to feel authority as trades graduates from what school.. I don't know." If you are worshiping natural energy as you watch people have sex on tv and addictively, maybe it is because you have not closed the enmity between yourself and God and God is intimacy in the most innate form when you began your life in the womb. It is appreciation of energy and communication. Create a womb in your mind where you were able to hear and experience music before you could breath on your own. Watch surfing. Walk with a woman through a park and read a book with her in a park. Be a sex addict if you wish but then you will see that you are sinning against the straight line in your conscience and taking drugs to hide the way in which your body is confessing in body language and demeanor. Offer anything you to do God to honor Him as a worship. That's how I write my essays. But, don't think you understand what i am trying to say to you! Now F!$@#$k off and reference my SH@!#$@$T if you must or you will understand the death you are in as a murderer. But, my stuff is Sh@#$@$#T except you evil people are just dunce at U of True or U of New Br@#$@$ck. Thank God for the opportunity. Appreciate this name...you protect but you are about to die for a lack of appreciating. Will it be Cain as in Cain yourself or will you say you are Abel as in you are well able to do it? Run along now! Go on! Camillia is a man under the waist and Charlie is a vagina. The issue is his mother or should we say Father born a boy but turned into a girl;not for authority but for the perverse resentment of a father who watched football but did not play and resented his 3 year old son; now the Queen Lizzy of Mephibosheth who showed a keen and innate gifting. He was turned into a girl at 5 years old who did not wake up again until he was 8 years old and did not remember anything until 70 years old. This does not prevent him or her from feeding the people via basic income as all Anglos have been relegated to consumption as citizens of consumption nations and it is the duty of the culture to rest, be special, and consume. This does not prevent any of our leaders from expressing their resentment in many other ways as in poisoning the water with an acne virus while he will have enough to buy the vehicles and other products made by producer nations. The Anglos are certainly not involved this mass production any longer but the world needs them as mass consumers; certainly. This is the hell and it is very hard to understand or forgive since he was a boy first but now she is an Emperor Palpatine so to speak but she wears pink quite often with lipstick and not a dark old robe but the government was run for years on a fear of recognition for being unnatural so it became a game of authority to hide and shield the sovereignty with a community of sex operations like Bibbly Bare and others like Jeeenigly Augustino just like her so she would not feel too alone..}^{(Charles was going to have some sex operations around him too so that he would not feel too alone; is this worth a war from a Junior House of Wettin? But, he will have his natural being and sire if he wishes. He will also read exam books that border on 2:3 or maybe 1st ) ...}^{..although the sovereignty is really the people and all you needed to do is not fear but give the people the monies in the final equation of peace in light of automation in economics and business activity; the Salus Populi also known as Laicite or the Seken. Bon Repose; Remember? Charles read Playboy and his first wife read Cosmopolitan. His penis was cut at the request of his first wife's School friend; the polo playing red head colonel. She was much younger and some what childish as he was 30 years old in 1969. He had no formal education and neither did she. The third person in the marriage was really the spirit of Jezebel.}

Here is the answer. Salus Populi. Father Charlemagne; the safeguarder of civilization.

NATURE (the art whereby God hath made and governs the world) is by the art of man, as in many other things, so in this also imitated, that it can make an artificial animal. For seeing life is but a motion of limbs, the beginning whereof is in some principal part within, why may we not say that all automata (engines that move themselves by springs and wheels as doth a watch) have an artificial life? For what is the heart, but a spring; and the nerves, but so many strings; and the joints, but so many wheels, giving motion to the whole body, such as was intended by the Artificer? Art goes yet further, imitating that rational and most excellent work of Nature, man. For by art is created that great LEVIATHAN called a COMMONWEALTH, or STATE (in Latin, CIVITAS), which is but an artificial man, though of greater stature and strength than the natural, for whose protection and defence it was intended; and in which the sovereignty is an artificial soul, as giving life and motion to the whole body; the magistrates and other officers of judicature and execution, artificial joints; reward and punishment (by which fastened to the seat of the sovereignty

, every joint and member is moved to perform his duty) are the nerves, that do the same in the body natural; the wealth and riches of all the particular members are the strength; salus populi (the people's safety) its business; counsellors, by whom all things needful for it to know are suggested unto it, are the memory; equity and laws, an artificial reason and will; concord, health; sedition, sickness; and civil war, death. Lastly, the pacts and covenants, by which the parts of this body politic were at first made, set together, and united, resemble that fiat, or the Let us make man, pronounced by God in the Creation.

Search Thomas Hobbes pdf on google and read to give her one. You will get soo big with all the blood flowing through your head; the head on your shoulders mate!

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Londinium TV Channel by Warren Augustine Lyon.

I have had many lecturers and many teachers. My father is not identifiable as one of my teachers in school and nor is he one of my lecturers in university who provided tutelage. However, he drove me to piano lessons to receive the tutelage of Myrtle Lou during Public school and High School, picked me up from track practice and also attended various soccer games and practices. I know these facts quite well evidently and I do not require anyone to communicate this obvious fact to me directly or indirectly. I have shared and expressed many thanks. I am quite thankful all the same certainly and have always maintained a sense of reverence for the diligent efforts of my teachers and lecturers. You do not need to tell me that you are not my father. I know who paid for the piano school books, who bought the piano and who paid the club fees for soccer.

I am certainly not interested in politics or in being a Bishop and you must know this. I have signed accordingly right here. Didn't I tell you after I obtained a B+ in politics at Huron College?

Nicene Creed.

We believe in one God,
the Father, the Almighty,
Maker of all that is, seen and unseen.

We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ,
the only Son of God,
eternally begotten of the Father,
God from God, Light from Light,
true God from true God,
begotten, not made, consubstantial
of one Being with the Father.

Through him all things were made.

For us men and for our salvation
he came down from heaven:
and by the Holy Spirit was incarnate
he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary,
and was made man.

For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate;
he suffered death and was buried.

On the third day he rose again
in accordance with the Scriptures;
he ascended into heaven
and is seated at the right hand of the Father.

He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead,
and his kingdom will have no end.

We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life,
who proceeds from the Father and the Son.

With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified.

He has spoken through the Prophets.

We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church.

We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins.

We look for the resurrection of the dead,
and the life of the world to come. Amen.

Londinium is the Latin name of an old French settlement.

It eventually became a Roman settlement. The Torah, the story to mankind of a living God was already there in the people and that land. This made commerce good for its fairness and the settlement grew and was celebrated amongst traders!!! The Grimaldi people had already settled in the lands and brought further reminders of the stories of Mount Sinai and of the Moses with his ten principles of communal living. But, maybe the biblical Moses was born in Ireland and sailed down de Thames to Egypt. I taught I told you since nobody wants to hear that the Hebrews came north from Ronen to Ronan. I taught I told you. It is a historical settlement that is not linguistically or culturally synonymous with England as we know it. Londinium(TM) is to share the message of civilization and salvation. London today, along with England, is a hybridized culture, with various inputs that do certainly include French, Norse, Roman, Scottish, Jewish, Indian, Moors, Christian and German influences to form a unique identity. Londinium(TM) is to share the message of civilization and salvation. At this time in history, human beings were more intelligent than to live with any concept of race. There was no race and we understand that African/Black people participated in life and the various functions of society in this settlement as equals. This is the evidence of history. Read about the Grimaldi man for more.

Warning!

Londinium TV Channel simply posts links and materials posted by others that are already available on the internet. Please be advised that some recent videos, in spite of their otherwise excellent production and informational value, contain language that you may encounter in any school environment regardless of graduate level and that may not be appropriate for individuals who wish to raise their families with a certain decorum.

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All posts are authored by Warren A. Lyon unless stated otherwise. Donations reflect contributions based on appreciation for the author's work and time.