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Benefits and Challenges

Benefits

Photo: Fuel cell exhaust emits no harmful pollutants

Less Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Gasoline- and diesel-powered vehicles emit greenhouse gases (GHGs), mostly carbon dioxide (CO2), that contribute to global climate change. Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) powered by pure hydrogen emit no GHGs from their tailpipe, only heat and water.
Producing the hydrogen to power FCVs can generate GHGs, depending on the production method, but much less than that emitted by conventional gasoline and diesel vehicles. more...

Less Air Pollutants

Highway vehicles emit a significant share of the air pollutants that contribute to smog and harmful particulates in the U.S. FCVs powered by pure hydrogen emit no harmful pollutants. If the hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels, some pollutants are produced, but much less than the amount generated by conventional vehicle tailpipe emissions.

Reduced Oil Dependence

FCVs could reduce our dependence on foreign oil since hydrogen can be derived from domestic sources, such as natural gas and coal, as well as renewable resources such as water. That would make our economy less dependent on other countries and less vulnerable to oil price shocks from an increasingly volatile oil market.

Challenges

Fuel cell vehicle Several challenges must be overcome before fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) will be a successful, competitive alternative for consumers.

Onboard Hydrogen Storage

Some FCVs store enough hydrogen to travel as far as gasoline vehicles between fill-ups—about 300 miles—but this must be achievable across different vehicle makes and models and without compromising customer expectations of space, performance, safety, or cost. more...

Vehicle Cost

FCVs are currently more expensive than conventional vehicles and hybrids. Manufacturers must bring down production costs, especially the costs of the fuel cell stack and hydrogen storage, to compete with conventional technologies. more...

Fuel Cell Durability and Reliability

Fuel cell systems are not yet as durable as internal combustion engines, especially in some temperature and humidity ranges. more...

Getting Hydrogen to Consumers

The extensive system used to deliver gasoline from refineries to local filling stations cannot be used for hydrogen. New facilities and systems must be constructed for producing, transporting, and dispensing hydrogen to consumers.

Public Acceptance

Finally, fuel cell technology must be embraced by consumers before its benefits can be realized. Consumers may have concerns about the dependability and safety of these vehicles, just as they did with hybrids.