Ronin 2: It's black second generation Nazi season like duck season. You killed him while you do evil things to stay youthful.Other people eat whole salmon.

The movie Ronin 2 starring all of the actors in the existing movie is being proposed right here. This includes all of the actors whether or not their character died. It will be called Ronin 2: Resurrection. This time, they won't be chasing an unusual metal brief case but a book that contains the original formula to clean coffee with clean water. But, nobody knows what's in the book. Everyone in the world is willing to pay for it. The SAS wannabe returns as a real SAS who served in Afghanistan and says the color of the boat house is certainly titanium. He takes more of a leading role and drives the new Audi s3. Instead of saying "Raspberry" after buying some weapons quietly from some Americans in Sweden who wish to meet them in an alley with no exit( "I wouldn't go in there...") but who also get shot in a double cross, he says BlackBerry and then drives off in Bugatti Chiron, saying "..money too tight to mention...you owe me english,french,trigonometry and a knee cap lost in Afghanistan. You will never hide Limbo Fagurciti as a Black Nazi again and use us who read the Guardian and the bible.   Limbo Fagurciti is being trained to shoot a Canadian Pm while training with aiming at the British Pm in that they want to hold every British or Canadian direction up so that he will feel equal. His adoptive Uncle asked that he would feel equal with theft, impersonation, bank robbery and deception. He shot His Uncle who was a former driver and who was put over the son of a Bishop and who is killing any relative of the Bishop who graduates without cheating. After killing the Uncle, he went on a killing spree that included the death of his sisters and anybody who ever helped him or showed him any kindness such as Jessixa who he wanted to take to Cuba.  Get your cash and run! He seems to have hoped to be more powerful in the afterlife than everyone he knew."   The SAS knew the Black girl in the Zagato was Felix Lighter's daughter (she was Cia). Her father taught her the ways of Raizo and the 9th clan.    The alley involved the protagonists being shot at by the Americans who have snipers in windows. The Americans did not succeed since certain Swedish ex special ops were hired to sweep the adjacent buildings by the Ronin team and to take the snipers. After that, there is a chase for the book that is being held by some rather wealthy Europeans who look like they live in Mirabella. No one drives a Citroen, Audi or a Chevy in Mirabella. But, they may sometimes drive a Volkswagen beetle. A Benz  S-Class with 14 spoke wheels crashes into a nice costal town's fish stall and the movie is all about the excitement. Gendarmes with balaclavas jump out of a van to say "where's the fish?" as they attempt to quell the public disturbance engendered by the secret book. It's really just Genesis though that says "...out of water came life" and that also records the basic laws that separate us from neanderthals in terms of civil, human behavior. Didn't God tell the Pharaoh to leave that man's wife alone? God certainly told David the same thing but he started to struggle in hearing. We are blessed with Psalms 50 and Psalms 51.     The manager at the private villa where the protagonists stay is a Chinese-ish Jamaican who is closer to the black side of the dna because his cheek was cut at near birth and sand from Brazil was put in his cheek with a little dna from a black english football player who played in the 1800's but was not allowed to appear in team photos. His dna was kept alive in certain fish that fed on his gluteus flesh from a cut and his toe nails ground up in some fish food.  Some tall French girl in his school abused him by telling the teachers that he had called the Ministry of Education on them but he never did. Then, she told the local transit bus driver that he filed a complaint about the driver because her mother told her this is what we do with the Chinese-ish in the West Indies if their parents act like they can't believe they had a Chinese-ish son with their 1/4 Chinese genes.  He says "You marry a maiden in arrangement or your own betrothal; ga rangement, ga betrothal" and "Very good my friend" or he says "Deux Eau avec gazeuze ton vous" when asked a question. He drives in a four door Porsche 1998 and a devout, racially blind Hyderabad Orphan Jamaican Christian girl with some Ancient Jewish ancestry opens the door when he comes home from work. She is his arrangement with the local priest.  She asked him if he knows Londinium and he said "...Do you know the Apostle Peter?  What about Peter, the black slave master in..that French Speaking Island ? Anyway...Londinium is about a city that is set on a hill; innit?; and the Ronin will come for him. He is always trying to taunt people to come for him.  They better go soon before he is selling those surgical nukes that fit in a thermos and stolen from some American military base where his cousin is a 2-star female general. They sometimes also buy ethnic minority lawyers sold by the mafia minded  ( not the real God fearing Mafia) for military food; $200,000.00 as the first payment even before he or she is dead since they feared loosing their licence if they let the court, the law or the client down.  It happened in Arkansas."  The Arrangement have a two level one bed apartment designed in Belize but that sleeps four ( two renters who sleep on the floor) so that they will have a sense of shanty town community. The people who sleep on the floor spit in the fridge so that they will feel equal. The owners of the home did not argue after the spitting began and just tolerated it as it spread across the whole entire continent as the spitting was practiced in coffee shops and eateries. "S" was an insecure weirdo who thought he had to spit to "feel" everybody and wanted to feel associated as if he had no family; like an orphan.  He always thought people would try to kill him because he killed his uncle in the West Indies who was a politician; an uncle that he talks about all day.  Everybody said, maybe the spitting is just communion for a "free sex videos on mobile phones" generation. It is an angry and some what infertile( infertile because of all of the acetaminophen  due to the spit) world  where sex addicts always want to borrow other people's ideas and sell it as the bum apostates that they are while getting criminal records for possession of stolen property and deception offences.  One tenant was named Lindiker and the other is named "S"; "S" because he refused to claim his father's ancestry but killed his son for doing so when given the chance although the son was named correctly and then renamed in error by the "S". The son joined more humane and sane relatives in the end and took their name with their derivative since, with the name or regardless of the name, they loved the Grandfather.  "S" and Lindiker looked at silencers for removing inhumane vermon in society that watch beheading videos.  They identified themselves all day by googling their weapons.  Removing them was to avoid a war .  They kill customer service reps for a living any where in Europe who thought the gay court judgement in the U.S. was a declaration of inefficiency, customer abuse and embezzlement on any citizen who did not watch sex or who was formally educated. After that, much of the movie is the same with amazing car chases that make people think they can get a job without joining something other than an alumni association.  Some of the actors play innocuous roles such as Priests. Larry, the driver, is a Priest who is asked for permission so that they  can do the work in some old Roman town in Southern Europe where the supermarket food labels are printed cheaply in England in three languages where any Amazon merchant account holder could afford them while printed according to entrepreneurially accessible  E.U. regulations.  The movie entertains as usual.  This is because it is evidently a sufficiently educated world population in need of constant reminders about what their time and money is paying for such that it makes sense to make movies as economically profitable, educative and meaningful as this. High School graduates and post-secondary graduates need a job to buy nice shoes, slacks and jackets to take a terrorist's reformed orphan daughter out to lunch.  Once the movie is over, you are reminded that excitement has its place in civilizations that date back thousands of years in Asia and Europe and that people are fighting to maintain it since, like Jerusalem, it is everything. Do you understand? Tu Comprend?   James Bonde  the commonwealth super hero) shows up at the end with a native eskimo girl on his arm and says "..Now you understand. We don't really need.  We have basic income. We have the readies since the Anglo humans and Anglo troglodytes decided to respect technology and the ultimate capitalist efficiency.  There is no point in talking about American aggressive economics if you don't produce anything and if you do, it is offshore where other economies benefit from your false notions of racial hegemony where they are using automation to produce the RCA television in your living room.  If you produce it domestically, you seem to want to use slave labor and slave has no obligation or capitalist motivation (you must have forgotten  )to do anything with quality except but to say F@$#ck you you damn illiterate White Black hypocrite(with a secret Black relative) and fool where there are insufficient people in the economy to buy any goods and then in your hatred, you quietly accept the truth and then you have to bring people from another economy or economies where they receive basic income and where they produce all the basic consumer goods you use in addition to your washers and dryers; all built outside of the United States. So, maybe you have an old head alive that is still demanding to see his version of capitalism that seems to believe cheep off shore labor will save you money while the labor off shore is actually automated. Maybe he also denied his black grandfather on graduation day from  Oklahoma University; Oralal Roberts? Are you there? The truth is hatred and denial of your ancestry opens the mind to something illogical. The odds are quite likely that Abraham did not have blonde hair and blue eyes.  The odds are more likely that Abraham had an afro and what does it matter if Moses had a Moabite wife? What does it matter as Pharaoh respected natural law and the unwritten ten commandments in not touching Abraham's wife? What does it matter if Jesus preached the answer that was causing Israel to kill its rabbinical graduates year after year in ancient Israel while the Herodians were not required to attend School but were given position? What does it matter?  You want to be needed but what do you think James Bonde demonstrates? Is it resentment against his grade school teachers and the universities and all authority? Do you think the organisation for which he works is Herodian; that they just put people in for looks? Do you know how to start a fire or speak at least one language without resenting a journalist?  The people for whom he works are not "People magazine" types.  They are geeky looking but maybe old fashioned hansom. A $10.00 automatic watch is the best jewelry for a man.   https://pt.aliexpress.com/item/BIG-CROWN-watches-men-luxury-brand-sports-military-automatic-mechanical-Tourbillion-wristwatches-leather-strap-relogio-masculino/32232392045.html?spm=2114.02010208.3.355.cjVXcC&ws_ab_test=searchweb0_0,searchweb201602_3_10152_10065_10151_10130_10068_5010019_10139_10136_10137_10157_10060_10138_10155_10062_10156_437_10154_10056_10055_10054_10059_303_100031_10099_10103_10102_10096_10147_10052_10053_10107_10050_10142_10051_5020019_10084_10083_10080_10082_10081_10178_10110_519_10111_10112_10113_10114_10182_10185_10078_10079_10073_10123_142,searchweb201603_13,ppcSwitch_5&btsid=38f076f8-6162-4d2c-879a-7f729022105f&algo_expid=53f3d05b-a2ae-43c0-bc6c-f634975e6653-39&algo_pvid=53f3d05b-a2ae-43c0-bc6c-f634975e6653

I have at least one. What about you? We needs them;  all kinds of people but we don't need people who can be willed with the slightest inkling to sink the majesty's sub as someone might suggest that "...they don't really love you Leefsland. Sink it and come home. Do not forget where you come from monkey boy!"          You should love the skin you are in and for the appearance, I would prefer if you could speak a language, understand some rules and just love yourself instead of drinking hotel toilet water, hoping to get more European dna. Now, you have aids. I'm at least 4 generations European and you are dying for the appearance. We gave Martin Luther King European association but truly it was for all of the black people including the Caribbean people since he had Caribbean ancestry but the White Caribbean American people standing beside him took it personally that he got the attention. So, now we have issued 15000 current and posthumously awarded "Noble" Peace prizes so that you would be equal ( noble; get it? How do you treat your children or family or do you just spend $100,000.00's of dollars on them to know where they are when you could know where they are for $60,000.00 per year plus benefits) and everybody will stop killing any West Indians who graduate in Europe or get some attention for being humane. There are about 10 dead West Indian graduates from European schools per year. I'm off to Sienna to kill a fake graduate who screwed everything up just to see if people were on to him.  For the future, James Bond will not be enough.   Learn some French or Spanish since Trinidad in the West Indies makes little sense as a predominantly english speaking Island less than 60 miles from Latin America.  Q'uest que tu fais dans le Autobahn? You are a poor blackish bum or white west indian or whiteish west indian bum or blackish american politician bum with a billion dollars if you will kill any of your country men whose essays you use and who is a graduate and who owns an old German vehicle just because they wanted to enjoy the reasonable cost of ownership and maintenance and you wanted to know what about him because of your lack of education as a "put up" school official  or something else; cuss up as we are just tired of you, you damn ignorant tossers who watch white people have sex for the association and you feel like it as you are carrying soo much shame and loathing !!!   I don't even need a black toilet but it might fit my ebony hardwood floors in the den. Now you understand. Now take our grace before I remind you about beatings and how you mistreat people about "help it" or is this what you want for the association?  If it is, you know what to do. Go and take your clothes off at a McDonalds and scream "help it"; Good. Now, there will be no more killing of Black people just because of education and hard work simply because you can't really understand being at the bottom. Call an Ethiopian professional. He will be glad to help and see where he sends his money to build his country but you could invite him to be an honorary West Indian and preach about the virtue of his culture after you have killed your own relatives for the authority;  good."  James Bond grabs the special book from the Americans, goes to the round about and six Aston Martin Zagatos turn on their lights.  He gets into the Zagato being driven by a really beautiful dark , dark, dark black girl (she delivered packages to all kinds of people including Jamaicans when she was told. She thought of herself.) while all the vehicles go around the round about once and then all the Zagatos drive off in different directions. The other five are driven by 2 Black priests 2 Indian Priests, 2 Chinese Priests and 2 Europeans Priests. One of the European Priests is half European (that is white or Colonial White/as in 1/4 black or somethingish) but looks really European as in 50 generations European. 2 of the Priests are Anglican. Then while sitting in the passenger seat, he says , "...I will give you a better version other than this ESV crap. It will be translated into his English and French from the original Hebrew, African, Ethiopian, Greek and  Aramaic texts. Now I will show you a more excellent way!"   He winks and says "..She thought of herself and who gave her the duty and promotion. She thought "human". She thought about the only community that mattered and that is anyone with whom she is likely have thanksgiving dinner in that her little community should grow for at least 10 generations. That is what White people do." The movie goes to the credits; so exciting!  This movie story idea is now a formal proposal as submitted to the producers.

By Warren Augustine Lyon ( all rights reserved).

If you would like to buy or Licence Londinium TV Channel(TM) as a trademark and television concept, please consider the following.

If you would like to buy or Licence  Londinium TV Channel(TM) as a trademark and television concept, please consider the following.

ARTICLE 1
1.0
(a) This agreement is for the sale of the trademark Londinium TV Channel(TM) and for the sale of the
television concept, project and blog page entitled Londinium TV Channel(TM) . The sale price is
$(USD)5.4 million dollars and may be paid in full within 30 days of signing the contract with the
consideration of $400,000.00 paid on signing by certified funds.
(b) It may be paid over 50 years with an initial deposit and consideration amounting to $(USD)
400,000.00 after any applicable taxes are calculated or deducted to be paid by the purchasing
entities and persons mentioned above as purchasers. The remaining balance is to be paid yearly
over 50 years in the amount of $100,000.00 per year after any applicable taxes are calculated or
deducted with adjustments made to ensure the funds provided in hand to the seller amount to the
said contractual amount after taxes. Payment is to be made by certified funds that may involve a
bank draft payable at and drawn on a bank in Canada. Until the funds are fully paid, ownership
shall not be transferred and the trademark may be used under licence agreement which appears in
the following paragraphs beginning at article 1.1 with the seller maintaining a static desk as
contributing director in the project if to do nothing else but make suggestions, to be invited to
meetings and any media presentations, galas or any public events including races or test drives
and to receive related memos, letters, correspondence of all kinds in addition to being cc'd on
emails to ensure the trademark's value is maintained at all times. As it is only a licence, the
owner of the trademark retains ownership and also the right to revoke the licence for any breach
of the contractual terms which will also involve the terms involving yearly payments as noted
herein such that missed payments during the 50 years of payment if the purchaser has not
chosen the option of paying the balance in full within 30 days of signing this agreement will
certainly amount to a repudiatory breach of contract. In this event, the purchaser agrees that FCC,
CRTC or any relevant international government body, upon notice of breach of contract by the
seller (also known as trademark owner and director) and the illegal and continued unauthorized
use of the trademark, has immediate right to revoke any television licence which may have been
granted upon notice of breach of contract and the illegal and unauthorized use of the trademark
beyond the date that the repudiatory breach took place and the parties in addition to the
government communication and legal authorities were given notice of the said breach. It is a
criminal offence, not just a civil matter , to use a trademark illegally in breach of contract for its
appropriate and legal use.

"I don't know if you will have enough but I know I will because I am white"; the proceeding statement is the deliberate unspoken but evident socio-economic economic variable running through Western Anglo Economies. This is evident because there is no doubt that the Anglo is capable of understanding the problem involving jobs and automation affecting the economy as there are fewer and fewer jobs for people. He is also capable of understanding and writing the solution. The solution if applied to all citizens regardless of complexion with funding to satisfy the cost of living and indirectly finance the condo rental and apartment rental market would, however, end any question of human survival. Could an errant human being with a laptop be able to broadcast his suggestion that there is a question of potential human survival based on complexion in this era of evident technological change? It is evident that this change is bringing in a new dawn of more humanless labor. While refusing to implement the solution involving a universal minimum income support, we see that the errant human being with bad motivators wishes to celebrate and worship the notion that says, "If am white, I know I will survive this automation." This errant human being is found in certain regions of the Anglo world where the universal, unconditional minimum income support is officially policy but it has not been implemented as yet in compliance with the national agenda as following the example of Manitoba and Quebec where citizens regardless of complexion do receive funding yearly at amounts near $50000.00 per year paid monthly.

"I don't know if you will have enough but I know I will because I am white"; the proceeding statement is the deliberate unspoken but evident socio-economic economic variable running through Western Anglo Economies. This is evident because there is no doubt that the Anglo is capable of understanding the problem involving jobs and automation affecting the economy as there are fewer and fewer jobs for people. He is also capable of understanding and writing the solution. The solution if applied to all citizens regardless of complexion with funding to satisfy the cost of living and indirectly finance the  condo rental and apartment rental market would,  however,  end any question of human survival.  Could an errant human being with a laptop be able to broadcast his  suggestion that there is  a question of potential human survival based on complexion in this era of evident technological change? It is evident that this change is bringing in a new dawn of more humanless labor. While refusing to implement the solution involving a universal minimum income support, we see that the errant human being  with bad motivators wishes to celebrate and worship the notion that says, "If am white, I know I will survive this automation." This errant human being is found in certain regions  of the Anglo world where the universal, unconditional minimum income support is officially policy but it has not been implemented as yet in compliance with the national agenda as following the example of Manitoba and Quebec where citizens regardless of complexion  do receive funding yearly at amounts near $50000.00 per year paid monthly.

Alien: Covenant.

1 Separating Nations along an equatorial and economic divide, the phrase "North-South relations" is relatively new terminology used to discuss an old relationship between early industrializing, developed countries and the developing countries of the world. During the years 1974 and 1975, while the world was in a precarious position,l Arab oil wealth rose to prominence in the new international order.2 The Arabs, taking due advantage of the new position, made a dramatic international breakthrough which involved all of the Third world. This entailed historically precedential meetings known as the North-South Dialogues in which the rich and poor countries discussed, at a global level, the need to reform wealth distribution in the world. Credited as the instigator of this program was President Boumedienne of Algeria who expressed his vision of the economic emancipation of the peoples of the third world in a United Nations speech on 10 April 1974.3 Yet, the literature on North-South relations surfaced slowly. The terms gained greater recognition from the Brandt Commission in 1980 which used these terms as the title of the first report. Used as theoretical tools to discuss a relational phenomena which springs from the colonial and imperialist era's of world history, the terms are very much a part of the present discourse on the issues and current realities of development and under development in the global context. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that these terms refer to concepts just as much as geographical locations. To understand North-South relations, it follows that an 2 analysis of the historical root of these relations is necessary. Next, an insight into how these relations manifest themselves in the present should follow. Finally, to concretise the analysis, it would be imperative to base our theoretical understanding on a study of these relations as they occur in the real world, utilizing a case study. In this essay, an attempt will be made to shed some light on some of the fundamentals of North-South relations using a historico-contemporary analysis as outlined above, employing a case study of the island nation of Jamaica. But why Jamaica you may ask? This independent island nation of approximately 2.5 million people lies at the centre between the " .. lowest point of departure and the highest point of present attainment in the Third World experience which makes it more representative of its class than other nations." In fact it is considered a "microcosm" of the Third World. Mr.Michael Manley(Hon) is one of the most honored Prime Ministers in the history of this fledgling nation. He understood the importance of a fair deal in trade negotiations and that takes belief in self respect independence and respect for personal and nationalistic boundaries. It is is not that fledgling nation must mean diseased and molested nation. But, there is a balance that must respect interdependence. Independence without understanding interdependence may mean starvation. A former colony of Britain, and an independent nation since 1962, it has struggled with all the difficulties inherent to the third world experience. As a result, due to the fact that Jamaica entered into the international economy as a former colony, its relationship to other actors in the world capitalist economy has been thoroughly conditioned along the lines of dependency and underdevelopment. Moreover, through international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, through trade relations, and the role of MNC'S, the relationship between Jamaica and the North has 3 taken a neo-colonialistic profile. In addition, to escape the various disparities of the colonial and neo-colonial web, twenty five years, Jamaica has used a variety of strategies which span the ideological spectrum from left to right; such as export­ led growth, import-substitution, nationalisation of industries and state manipulation of the market place. To grasp the roots of the establishment and the historical aspects of the political economy of North-South relations one must go back to 17th century Europe. It was at this moment in history that Europe began to expand, " ... creating a world market and an international division of labour from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries.,,6 Yet, modern capitalism as it exists in the present day did not develop over night. It has been remodelled over the centuries to fit the changing realities of the global market place. In the seventeenth century, we see the roots of the present relationships between the more industrialised north and the developing south. The commodities that maintained the global economy were produced by the labour of those which populated what we now call the Third World.7 This labour was comprised of slaves, tribute labourers, indentured peasants or proletarians.8 They worked not to satisfy their own needs or purpose as a result of the fact that their labour was structured to satisfy the interests of the ruling classes of Europe. Led by Britain, a new kind of international trade emerged, challenging the older trade practises of the Iberians, which 4 focused on precious metal s and on tropical products for luxury consumption by the wealthy classes of Europe. This new trade tied the large scale production of raw materials obtained within the colonies for manufacturing in Europe to the development of markets for European goods within the colonies themselves. Over the centuries, the slave-holding societies of the European powers were transformed into colonial states which, nevertheless, existed as part of the economic expansion of Europe and the development of capitalism. While possessing their own bureaucracies and developing their own revenues to aid in supporting the cost of empire, the colonial countries still provided the mother country with relatively cheap resources and markets for manufactured goods. Through this transformation, the colonial powers did not have to rely so heavily on the means of violence to maintain order and stability since, through the creation of an indigenous elite, colonial rule would appear to be more legitimate to the greater local masses. This indigenous elite were the few who had an opportunity to education while the majority of the people remained in poverty, unable to know material progress while under the colonial experience.9 In fact, it has been argued by some, that the structure of colonial society was directly linked to the nature of the colonial economy itself. (~?). Emerging out of seventeenth centuries was an international capitalist economy which comprised the industrialised, mother countries which held a monopoly on technologies, finance, and markets upon which the colonial satellites were dependent. There 5 should be no question that the world capitalist economy, established by the Imperial powers, shaped to serve their interests, situated in the North, worked to their advantage. According to Karl Deutsch10, it is a system comprised of a centre and periphery where the more powerful, northern nations are wealthy, control many different technologies, are involved in the production of various goods, and trade with numerous countries or areas of the world. Also, they are not dependent upon the sale or the supply of a singular commodity or upon trade with a particular country. The less powerful countries, comprising the south, do not enjoy circumstances which are as favourable. The conditions within these countries can be summed up as being the complete opposite of the conditions found within the more powerful nations. image, in the image of Europe she created it; developed own , \ ~ a....- • and "And Europe created the World Capitalist Economy in her underdeveloped she created them."Il Britain held colonial possessions throughout ~ the world, including the Caribbean. Jamaica, a part of Britain's colonial possessions since 1655 was originally part of an old Amerindian world. The Arawak and Carib indians populated the island. Yet they did not survive the Spanish occupation of 1496 to 1655 and quickly died out. In 1664, Thomas Modyford, a rich Barbadian planter and agent for the slave-trading Royal African Company, was appointed Governor of Jamaica. At this time, the Black population in comparison to that of whites was 9504 to 8564. Due to the 6 introduction of new technologies for the production of sugar, large amounts of slave labour was required for field work resulting in the Black population, rising with the current of sugar, totaling 112,000 in comparison to 10,000 Whites in 1746 .. 2 Although it was Britain's most profitable colony by the 1800's, within a few decades it was close to economic ruin, crippled by monoculture and slavery. This was the result of soil erosion and the destruction of the basic investment which were slaves as they suffered through brutal treatment and working conditions. " ... The slave system was integrated into the accumulation needs of Great Britain, an ascendant capitalist economy in the process of achieving world domination. ll~3 Yet, the landlords, mostly absentee, had no interest in Jamaican development. Abolition in 1834 made little difference as " ... they blindly reproduced the undynamic plantation economy. 1114, utilising the ex-slaves, referred to as peasants, as low wage labour. By the turn of the century, American capitalist interests started to replace those of British capital which had, up to that time, constructed the early years of Jamaican history. the new American role became apparent in the 1920's as banana cultivation, financed by Americans, began to have great influence in the economy. During the 1950's, through Bauxite production and the rise in tourism, and other industries, the Jamaican economy grew outstandingly. This growth continued through the sixties which enabled the economy to grow by six percent annually. 15 Despite this apparently tremendous achievement, the economy 7 remained weak in various ways. Domestic agriculture stagnated and served as the origin for continuing poverty in rural areas. As well, income distribution was increasingly uneven. Illiteracy, poor housing, and unemployment was the plight of the majority of Jamaicans. Furthermore, the level of unemployment doubled during the period of fast economic growth. At the time of independence in 1962, the words of Norman Washington Manley, father of the Jamaican nation, were not only prophetic but prognostic. While the mission of his generation was to realise the political independence of Jamaica, he admonished the crowd of 15,000 gathered to listen to him on the day of his resignation from political life. He asked; And what is the mission of this generation, the generation that succeeds me now that I quit my leadership? It is to be founded on the work of those who went before. It is to be made up by the use of your political power, of tackling the job of reconstructing the social and economic society and life of Jamaica. In 1968, he answered his own question with more detail. He argued that " ... no national aspirations were likely to be realised in Jamaica or elsewhere in the third world until the economies could be modified and restructured. 1116 This would also necessitate a dismantling of the discordant class structure( based on a caste S system), of economic activity which rose out the colonial tradition, perpetuating the colonial aspects of the newly independent nation. Although Imperialism and colonialism had come to an official end, the forces which established the world capitalist economy did not lie dormant. The powers which established these systems of 8 economic exploitation, built new institutions to ensure the survival of the economic system which they had created. The exploitation and the disparities did not end but continued, manifesting themselves in what is known as Neo-Colonialism. Immanuel Wallerstein describes the world capitalist system as a closed system where the activity is set to follow certain efficiencies involving buyers and sellers. This is the most basic aspect of the system and it will never see a crisis. It would continue on the darkest day if the sun was to go dark as there would always be buyers and sellers of the various goods and services pertaining to life. This most intrinsic system as set out in natural law and science will never see a crisis. There is only one such system for all eternity as seen on the trade routes from Marrakesh to Egypt and from Israel to Londinium. Any activity that is extraneous to the principles of this closed and natural system that operates much like a vacuum will operate in the periphery like a bubble in an air pipe that will eventually be flushed out as it attempts to exist on its own and in its less efficient principles. However, the Capitalist system that chooses efficiency in productivity will eventually choose automation over human labor and as such, it will remove the human from much of the economic activity in the production of goods. By doing so, the human being in addition to the monies in the hands of a great factor of the population is removed as a block of requisite consumption. As such, the finished product in the systemic capitalist activity sits in the fields or on the shelves and results in corporate expenditure accounted for as depreciable assets; not earnings or profit although produced most efficiently with machines and automation. The answer to this block of requisite consumption was found in a very advanced capitalist system as seen in Russia after the Bolshevik revolution but that was given the nomenclature referred to as Leninism but Marxist-Capitalism in Marx' socio-economic observation as to how automation and an iron seamstress will affect socio-economic life with machines baking 10000 loaves of bread every half hour. Marxist-Capitalism would have been more appropriate and also free of any ideological confusion. THE ARGUMENT ENDS WHEN THE CAPITALIST SEES THE WOOD FOR THE TREES IN THAT THERE IS CERTAINLY NOT ONLY ONE SYSTEM BUT ALSO ONLY ONE EFFICIENT SOLUTION IN LIGHT OF THE REMOVAL OF HUMAN BEINGS FROM THE EFFICIENT CAPITALIST PRODUCTION PROCESS: THE PROVISION OF MONIES TO THE FINAL FACTOR AND PURPOSE IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION: THE CONSUMER AND NOT THE MANUFACTURERS EGO IN BEING A ROBBER BARON BUT THE PROVIDER OF A SERVICE AND PRODUCT IN COMPETITION WITH OTHER SERVICES AND PRODUCTS AS HE ADVERTISES AND SELLS HOPING TO SEE CONSUMPTION OF HIS GOODS IN PREFERENCE TO THE GOODS OF OTHER PRODUCERS: THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM IS NOT DIVORCED FROM THE ENVIRONMENT OR COMMUNITY THAT IT SERVES AND THE PROBLEM IS QUITE BASIC SINCE THE CAPITALIST PRODUCER SEEKS TAX CREDITS AND OTHER SOCIO ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE GOVERNMENT WITH WHICH IT WORKS FOR A NATIONAL SOCIO ECONOMIC GOOD: NOT THAT THE COMPANIES WILL FOOT THE BILL BUT THEY WILL OBSERVE OTHER INDUSTRIAL NATIONS AS THEY RESPOND TO THIS WORLD CAPITALIST EQUATION IN UTMOST TECHNOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY AND THEY WILL SEE THE SOCIO ECONOMIC ANSWER AS A CAPITALIST PRODUCER IN CONJUNCTION WITH ITS HOST SOCIETY IS TO ALLOW AND PROVIDE CONSUMER OR PARTICIPATORY REMUNERATION: STUDIES CAN BE EMPLOYED TO UNDERSTAND THE MOST SUCCESSFUL ECONOMIES THAT HAVE ANSWERED THIS SYSTEMIC EQUATION IN LIGHT OF AUTOMATION AS IT DOES NOT PRESENT A CRISIS ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD EXCEPT AMONGST THE POPULATIONS SUFFERING WITH AN ABUNDANCE OF HUMANOID HUMANZEES LABORING TO PLEASE THEIR GENETIC ENGINEERS TO THE DEATH IN THAT THEY REFUSE TO APPLY LOGIC AND FOLLOW THEIR GENETIC CREATORS IN THEIR EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE ECONOMIC WISDOM While this was the case, the Jamaican nation faced barriers on the road to development which were the result of both internal and external factors. Externally, trade patterns in the international market between rich and poor countries reflects the bargaining power of the trading partners .17 To date there has been no indication that the economic bargaining position of the poorer countries such as Jamaica is being improved noticeably.18 According to Immanuel Wallerstein, trade between core and the periphery results in an unequal exchange between high-wage products produced in the north and low-wage products produced in the south.~9 As a result, trade alone can be an impediment to development, widening the gap between rich and poor countries. 20 Multi-national corporations working within the third world know that most governments in the third world are weak in terms of what they have to offer and in their ability to affect the over-all financial position of the outside investor through taxation or other means whereby the host-nation could benefit from the MNC'S presence in the nation. According to Karl Deutsch, MNC involvement in a third world nation will lead to a net transfer of wealth from the developing country to the developed.21 It is apparent that an MNC can offer increased employment opportunities and a new source of tax and royalty revenues. In fact, something different than 9 thi s occurs. The MNC usually paralyses local competition and disregards or disturbs government policies, leaving dependent countries to suffer disruption and further dependence.22 Internally, Elite groups in most third world countries are engaged in protecting their economic interests by safeguarding the pursuits of capital; domestic as well as that of foreigners. According to Fantu Cheru, the IMF and the World Bank operate to serve the interests of Western capital while seeking to encourage export -1 ed growth through currency devaluations and other measures; essentially challenging the sovereignty of the recipient nation by giving economic control of the nation's immediate destiny to the IMF. The IMF is sometimes used as a tool of Western foreign policy. The U.S is the largest financial contributor with 20% of the votes on the board which enables it to refuse support to, and obstruct the credit of uncooperative governments whenever it sees fit. While the experience of independence began in 1962 for Jamaica, so did the challenge to overcome the formidable social and economic circumstances set before it. From 1962 to 1974, the Jamaica Labour party(JLP), in power under the leadership of Edward Seaga, continued to pursue a development strategy which had been established during the last years of colonialism. This strategy included an increased role for the state in the development process as well as a Keynsian approach to economic planning. This involved ten year plans. Focus was placed on manufacturing patterned after the Puerto-Rican plan known as "industrialisation by invitation. ,,23 10 This strategy gravitated around the encouragement of foreign investment through lucrative incentives to establish manufacturing plants for export. The objective was the establishment and growth of industrial production for domestic consumption as well as export. The rationale was to provide increased goods and services, to "modernise" the production system, and provide employment. The resources to do this were Jamaican labour, privately owned land and capital and especially foreign capital. Yet, this plan was displaced by a five year plan which focused on the social needs of the nation due to the rising dissatisfaction of the rural, small farmers and the growing group of urban unemployed which had been attracted to the cities from the country side in the hope of finding jobs. In reality, it was apparent that the government of the new nation was accepting responsibility for economic development as well as social welfare while leaving production to private venture. By 1972, unemployment had grown by 23%, economic growth slowed down, and the dissatisfaction over the social and economic disparities through the population increased. As well, there was open corruption in the Seaga administration. It was to no surprise that the PNP (Peoples National Party) party under Michael Manley went swiftly in to power after the 1972 elections. The PNP advocated radical social changes while the JLP were more conservative. Whereas the PNP promoted closer ties with other third world countries the JLP sought closer links with western countries. Essentially, the PNP supported socialist approaches to running the state while JLP was Capitalist, defending free 11 enterprise. The PNP, having campaigned on a reformist platform, sought to improve the status of the poorest sections of the population such as the landless, workers, and women, instituting educational programmes as well as public works. With respects to the economy, the PNP turned in the opposite direction within the economic ideological spectrum, arguing that the government should" ... take control of the commanding heights of the economy from foreigners. ,,24 In 1974, the new government exercised their new position by imposing a levy on bauxite production. The mining companies did not respond well to this. The two sides negotiated at first and the bauxite companies agreed to increase Jamaica's revenue from US$25 million to US$80 million. The government refused this and out of necessity and urgency due to falling foreign exchange reserves, imposed its own levy. This was in the face of bauxite company assets totalling US$800 million. In response, one aluminum company attempted to sue Jamaica over the levy. Another set, Reynolds and Al coa , at tempted to get the American congress to reduce aid to Jamaica. As a result, US economic aid declined from US$13.2 million in 1974 to US$4.3 million in 1975. Loans were cancelled. The result was strained relations between the two nations. Apparently, the American government and MNC' S reaction was to punish Jamaica as well as discourage other third world companies from taking similar initiatives.25 Jamaica's attempt to repatriate a proportion of the bauxite revenues was successful yet due to the rise in wheat and oil prices 11 enterprise. The PNP, having campaigned on a reformist platform, sought to improve the status of the poorest sections of the population such as the landless, workers, and women, instituting educational programmes as well as public works. With respects to the economy, the PNP turned in the opposite direction within the economic ideological spectrum, arguing that the government should" ... take control of the commanding heights of the economy from foreigners.,,24 In 1974, the new government exercised their new position by imposing a levy on bauxite production. The mining companies did not respond well to this. The two sides negotiated at first and the bauxite companies agreed ~ to increase Jamaica's revenue from US $25 million to US $80 million. The government refused this and out of necessity and urgency due to falling foreign exchange reserves, imposed its own levy. This was in the face of bauxite company assets totaling US $800 million. In response, one aluminum company attempted to sue Jamaica over the levy. Another set, Reynolds and Alcoa, attempted to get the American congress to reduce aid to Jamaica. As a result, US economic aid declined from US $13.2 million in 1974 to US $4.3 million in 1975. Loans were cancelled. The result was strained relations between the two nations. Apparently, the American government and MNC' 8 reaction was to punish Jamaica as well as discourage other third world companies from taking similar initiatives.25 Jamaica's attempt to repatriate a proportion of the bauxite revenues was successful yet due to the rise in wheat and oil prices 12 early in 1973, the net effect was that what was obtained from one set of multi-nationals was used to pay another group; the foreign oil and wheat exporting countries. These were the harsh realities of Jamaica's trade relations with the industrialised north upon which it was dependent for so many things. Moreover, its experiences with the retaliatory efforts of the MNC' s followed Jamaica into the 1976 elections. At this point, there was apparently a destabilisation effort on the part of the C.I.A to prevent the PNP from being re-elected. Early in 1976, it was apparent to many government officials that there was an attempt being made by both local and foreign forces to bring the nation and the government to its knees. By definition, destabilisation is a process whereby forces inside or outside of a nation or in cooperation with one another, attempt " ... to create a situation of instability and panic by design."26 The word destabilisation entered the realm of political analysis due to events in Chile two or three years earlier in the face of the demise of the Allende government. US senate investigations had proven that the CIA, along with the Chilean military and other local dissenting groups worked to destabilise and then to eventually overthrow the Chilean government.27 Suspicious events in Jamaica began with the Daily Gleaner's publication of editorials full of lies distortions and half-truths. The Gleaner had a strong conservative tradition, dating back to the colonial era and was seen as a defender of the status quo, and leader of any reactions to any attempts to change. 1976 was an 13 election year and, at this time, the editor was a former JLP candidate. As mentioned earlier, the CIA, along with the official face of the American government, and American MNC's had a role to play in Jamaican politics in addition to local elite groups. This included business men and other groups of local capital interests. This involved a tightly knit group of families, no larger than twenty one in all, which manipulated and controlled the imports, exports and manufacturing.28 While Manley espoused socialist phrases and developed government programs along more social ist lines, many within the elite groups became nervous. In the midst of rising crime and inflation and rumours of a communist overthrow, many from the upper classes, along with their capital, fled to Miami and other parts of North America, including Toronto and New York. This time, as of 2015, they are fleeing North America and West Indies due to a new illiterate xenophobia to live in parts of Latin America where there are existing West Indian populations until the illiterate xenophobia is removed by the local and international authorities. Within the nation, there was an attempt on the part of the JLP and sympathisers to paint the PNP as communists. Mind you, an attempt on the part of local elites to bring the PNP government to an end should have been no surprise. PNP policies threatened the well being of dominant, entrenched interests and as a result they reacted out of fear and in response to their threatened economic well being. Nevertheless, through political violence(approximately 500 political murders) and the turbulent times of the 1976 elections, the PNP emerged victorious and was given another opportunity to mould and craft the direction in which the Jamaican nation would go albeit with Limited resources and outside influence over the 14 economy. The government, during 1976 and 1980, attempted to follow a policy of self-reliance which was to mobilise all the people and land resources in hopes of reducing substantially the nation's import bill, removing waste, reducing non-essential imports, and diversifying its international economic relations which, up to this point, was cent red on trade with the us or more generally, the industrialised north to the exclusion of most other third world nations. Sadly though, the government never had a chance to fully implement the policies as it entered into negotiations with the IMF in 1978. In 1977, Jamaica failed the IMF assets test by 2.6 percent and despite the fact that failure by a small margin is usually allowed, the IMF decided to take a very hard stance with Jamaica. They forced the nation to make further devaluations of its currency. This meant an immediate 15% currency devaluation as well as other mini -devaluations every two months. This would mean decline in the dollar from a level virtually better than par with the US dollar to J$1.76 to US$1.00. Social programmes would be cut and the most massive tax package in the history of Jamaica was introduced. The most conservative and pragmatic members of the cabinet were in revolt, appalled at the whole sale slaughter that was being insisted upon. II.: In a live telecast on the 11 May, Manley told the Jamaican people that there was no alternative to the IMF package. Yet, he admitted that there were fundamental questions of sovereignty which arose when dealing with the IMF. 15 The alternatives were complete self-reliance which would make it harder on the rich than the poor who, under the IMF suffered the most. Or else, they could seek further outside assistance from the Soviet Union or elsewhere. The fact that Jamaica looked for outside deliverance showed that their minds were still colonised. 30 In the words of Carl Stone; Colonised minds cannot decolonise anything. IMF or no IMF the task facing us is that of decolonising and restructuring the Jamaican economy to render it more self-reliant. Outside help can only buy us time to get on with that task that in the final analysis we will have to painfully do ourselves. Unfortunately though, IMF involvement failed to help the people of Jamaica turn around their economic plight. Twenty five years after independence, the problems of unemployment and unused land are worse. Moreover, the nation is more dependent now than before, since the historic forms of dependence were intensified by a debt trap from which there is no quick escape. As well, Jamaica's major trading partners in 1962 continued to dominate the countries exports and imports in 1987. Further still, at this very present moment, the IMF is still playing a role in the economic life of the island nation. As Norman Manley said in 1962, the task of the generations to follow was to take their political power and tackle the job of reconstructing the social and economic life of Jamaica. While it may appear that Jamaica is failing or has failed at this challenge, this is not so. First off, it is fathomless to conceive of the possibility of undoing, restructuring, and remodelling a society and economy which took hundreds of years to develop within 16 the time frame of a quarter century. Like many other third world nations, Jamaica is still in the race; the never ending quest to step forward and farther away from its colonial lineage. Nevertheless, it is to be remembered that in a capitalist economy which perpetuates dependency and inequalities to satisfy the capitalist mode of prof it and continuing expansion, their are limited possibilities for change according to Immanuel Wallerstein. The task of a third world nation such as Jamaica is to not only seek ways on how it can improve its position relative to other actors within the W.C.E but to seek systematic change in association with other nations suffering a similar and frustrating predicament. The greatest difficulty with the literature in this International Relations / Political Science / Political Economy dialogue is the omission of the UDHR (United Nations Declaration on Human Rights from the discussion when economic and political independence with evident cbwhochal monetary interdependencies. The commitment to these principles is the top priority for economic success. The modern dialogue after WW2 has to begin with the UDHR, the OHCHR and now the UN ILO Recommendations R202. This is the prescriptive outline for nation state success and any analysis of international relations or political economy. It is the code to Zion; something with which the Redemption song population must now be expert. Over the last 25 years the Jamaican nation has struggled to overcome the constraints with which it is faced internally and externally and she has met with minimal success. Yet the contest is not over. She possesses a stable democracy, although challenged by the carnage of political violence during elections. Furthermore, she is not at the bottom of the world-state hierarchy but is somewhere near the middle. For Jamaica and other third world nations, there is hope. But it is questionable if hope lies in an individualist struggle. There is always strength in numbers and so success may lie in a cooperative effort and not a solo art. Regardless, the road to development in a world split along a north-south divide fraught with inequalities where those nations who benefit from the system are not willing to give up their privilege, is slow and rough. It will require a concerted effort on the part of the south and although some say it will 17 not occur over night, conditions can slowly be improved. In the words of Frantz Fanon ; the world is waiting for something from us ... if we want humanity to advance a step further, if we want to bring it to a different level than that which Europe has shown it, then we must invent and we must make discoveries ... for humanity, comrades, we must turn over a new leaf, we must work out new concepts, and try to set afoot a new man. (taken from Wretched of the Earth) p. 315-316. This is a challenge to all of the third world and, more specifically, Jamaica. Jamaica must work out new concepts. Jamaica must set afoot new men and women. She must set afoot a new Jamaican if Jamaicans are to be a mighty people, rising out of many; African, Indian, Jewish, Chinese, European, able to accomplish whatever they will . Prayerfully, this will be the island's destiny. So let it be. In spite of the interest in nationalism, the simple answer is emancipation with continued dependence since you have no other culture but English. It is evident financially and you are not leaving the English universe very soon. Where would you go? You could think of Africa? Amen! This is an original essay written in December 1993 at The University Of Western, Ontario by Warren Augustine Lyon for Politics 365F. Warren is a graduate in Political Science and History with an BA(Hons). The essay was graded at 84% With Professor Schild. Warren Augustine Lyon is the author of this blog and can be contacted at londinium.mmxi@gmail.com.

1 Separating Nations along an equatorial and economic divide, the phrase "North-South relations" is relatively new terminology used to discuss an old relationship between early industrializing, developed countries and the developing countries of the world. During the years 1974 and 1975, while the world was in a precarious position,l Arab oil wealth rose to prominence in the new international order.2 The Arabs, taking due advantage of the new position, made a dramatic international breakthrough which involved all of the Third world. This entailed historically precedential  meetings known as the North-South Dialogues in which the rich and poor countries discussed, at a global level, the need to reform wealth distribution in the world. Credited as the instigator of this program was President Boumedienne of Algeria who expressed his vision of the economic emancipation of the peoples of the third world in a United Nations speech on 10 April 1974.3 Yet, the literature on North-South relations surfaced slowly. The terms gained greater recognition from the Brandt Commission in 1980 which used these terms as the title of the first report. Used as theoretical tools to discuss a relational phenomena which springs from the colonial and imperialist era's of world history, the terms are very much a part of the present discourse on the issues and current realities of development and under development in the global context. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that these terms refer to concepts just as much as geographical locations. To understand North-South relations, it follows that an 2 analysis of the historical root of these relations is necessary. Next, an insight into how these relations manifest themselves in the present should follow. Finally, to concretise the analysis, it would be imperative to base our theoretical understanding on
a study of these relations as they occur in the real world, utilizing a case study. In this essay, an attempt will be made to shed some light on some of the fundamentals of North-South relations using a historico-contemporary analysis as outlined above, employing a case study of the island nation of Jamaica. But why Jamaica you may ask? This independent island nation of approximately 2.5 million people lies at the centre between the " .. lowest point of departure and the highest point of
present attainment in the Third World experience which makes it more representative of its class than other nations." In fact it is considered a "microcosm"  of the Third World.   Mr.Michael Manley(Hon) is one of the most honored Prime Ministers in the history of this fledgling nation. He understood the importance of a fair deal in trade negotiations and that takes belief in self respect independence and respect for personal and nationalistic boundaries. It is is not that fledgling nation must mean diseased and molested nation. But, there is a balance that must respect interdependence. Independence without understanding interdependence may mean starvation.   A former colony of Britain, and an independent nation since 1962, it has struggled with all the difficulties inherent to the third world experience. As a result, due to the fact that Jamaica entered into the international economy as a former colony, its relationship to other actors in the world capitalist economy has been thoroughly conditioned along the lines of dependency and underdevelopment. Moreover, through international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, through trade relations, and the role of MNC'S, the relationship between Jamaica and the North has 3 taken a neo-colonialistic profile. In addition, to escape the various disparities of the colonial and neo-colonial web, twenty five years, Jamaica has used a variety of strategies which span the ideological spectrum from left to right; such as export­ led growth, import-substitution, nationalisation of industries and state manipulation of the market place. To grasp the roots of the establishment and the historical aspects of the political economy of North-South relations one must go back to 17th century Europe. It was at this moment in history that Europe began to expand, " ... creating a world market and an international division of labour from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries.,,6 Yet, modern capitalism as it exists in the present day did not develop over night. It has been remodelled over the centuries to fit the changing realities of the global market place. In the seventeenth century, we see the roots of the present relationships between the more industrialised north and the developing south. The commodities that maintained the global economy were produced by the labour of those which populated what we now call the Third World.7 This labour was comprised of slaves, tribute labourers, indentured peasants or proletarians.8 They worked not to satisfy their own needs or purpose as a result of the fact that their labour was structured to satisfy the interests of the ruling classes of Europe. Led by Britain, a new kind of international trade emerged, challenging the older trade practises of the Iberians, which 4 focused on precious metal s and on tropical products for luxury consumption by the wealthy classes of Europe. This new trade tied the large scale production of raw materials obtained within the colonies for manufacturing in Europe to the development of markets for European goods within the colonies themselves. Over the centuries, the slave-holding societies of the European powers were transformed into colonial states which, nevertheless, existed as part of the economic expansion of Europe and the development of capitalism. While possessing their own bureaucracies and developing their own revenues to aid in supporting the cost of empire, the colonial countries still provided the mother country with relatively cheap resources and markets for manufactured goods. Through this transformation, the colonial powers did not have to rely so heavily on the means of violence to maintain order and stability since, through the creation of an indigenous elite, colonial rule would appear to be more legitimate to the greater local masses. This indigenous elite were the few who had an opportunity to education while the majority of the people remained in poverty, unable to know material progress while under the colonial experience.9 In fact, it has been argued by some, that the structure of colonial society was directly linked to the nature of the colonial economy itself. (~?). Emerging out of seventeenth centuries was an international capitalist economy which comprised the industrialised, mother countries which held a monopoly on technologies, finance, and markets upon which the colonial satellites were dependent. There 5 should be no question that the world capitalist economy, established by the Imperial powers, shaped to serve their interests, situated in the North, worked to their advantage. According to Karl Deutsch10, it is a system comprised of a centre and periphery where the more powerful, northern nations are wealthy, control many different technologies, are involved in the production of various goods, and trade with numerous countries or areas of the world. Also, they are not dependent upon the sale or the supply of a singular commodity or upon trade with a particular country. The less powerful countries, comprising the south, do not  enjoy circumstances which are as favourable. The conditions within these countries can be summed up as being the complete opposite of the conditions found within the more powerful nations. image, in the image of Europe she created it; developed own , \ ~ a....- • and "And Europe created the World Capitalist Economy in her underdeveloped she created them."Il Britain held colonial possessions throughout ~ the world, including the Caribbean. Jamaica, a part of Britain's colonial possessions since 1655 was originally part of an old Amerindian world. The Arawak and Carib indians populated the island. Yet they did not survive the Spanish occupation of 1496 to 1655 and quickly died out. In 1664, Thomas Modyford, a rich Barbadian planter and agent for the slave-trading Royal African Company, was appointed Governor of Jamaica. At this time, the Black population in comparison to that of whites was 9504 to 8564. Due to the 6 introduction of new technologies for the production of sugar, large amounts of slave labour was required for field work resulting in the Black population, rising with the current of sugar, totaling 112,000 in comparison to 10,000 Whites in 1746 .. 2 Although it was Britain's most profitable colony by the 1800's, within a few decades it was close to economic ruin, crippled by monoculture and slavery. This was the result of soil erosion and the destruction of the basic investment which were slaves as they suffered through brutal treatment and working conditions. " ... The slave system was integrated into the accumulation needs of Great Britain, an ascendant capitalist economy in the process of achieving world
domination. ll~3 Yet, the landlords, mostly absentee, had no interest in Jamaican development. Abolition in 1834 made little difference as " ... they blindly reproduced the undynamic plantation economy. 1114, utilising the ex-slaves, referred to as peasants, as low wage labour. By the turn of the century, American capitalist interests started to replace those of British capital which had, up to that time, constructed the early years of Jamaican history. the new American role became apparent in the 1920's as banana cultivation, financed by Americans, began to have great influence in the economy. During the 1950's, through Bauxite production and the rise in tourism, and other industries, the Jamaican economy grew outstandingly. This growth continued through the sixties which enabled the economy to grow by six percent annually. 15 Despite this apparently tremendous achievement, the economy 7 remained weak in various ways. Domestic agriculture stagnated and served as the origin for continuing poverty in rural areas. As well, income distribution was increasingly uneven. Illiteracy, poor housing, and unemployment was the plight of the majority of Jamaicans. Furthermore, the level of unemployment doubled during the period of fast economic growth. At the time of independence in 1962, the words of Norman Washington Manley, father of the Jamaican nation, were not only prophetic but prognostic. While the mission of his generation was to realise the political independence of Jamaica, he admonished the crowd of 15,000 gathered to listen to him on the day of his resignation from political life. He asked; And what is the mission of this generation, the generation that succeeds me now that I quit my leadership? It is to be founded on the work of those who went before. It is to be made up by the use of your political power, of tackling the job of reconstructing the social and economic society and life of Jamaica. In 1968, he answered his own question with more detail. He argued that " ... no national aspirations were likely to be realised in Jamaica or elsewhere in the third world until the economies could be modified and restructured. 1116 This would also necessitate a dismantling of the discordant class structure( based on a caste S system), of economic activity which rose out the colonial tradition, perpetuating the colonial aspects of the newly independent nation. Although Imperialism and colonialism had come to an official end, the forces which established the world capitalist economy did not lie dormant. The powers which established these systems of 8 economic exploitation, built new institutions to ensure the survival of the economic system which they had created. The exploitation and the disparities did not end but continued, manifesting themselves in what is known as Neo-Colonialism.
Immanuel Wallerstein describes the world capitalist system as a closed system where the activity is set to follow certain efficiencies involving buyers and sellers. This is the most basic aspect of the system and it will never see a crisis. It would continue on the darkest day if the sun was to go dark as there would always be buyers and sellers of the various goods and services pertaining to life. This most intrinsic system as set out in natural law and science will never see a crisis. There is only one such system for all eternity as seen on the trade routes from Marrakesh to Egypt and from Israel to Londinium. Any activity that is extraneous to the principles of this closed and natural system that operates much like a vacuum will operate in the periphery like a bubble in an air pipe that will eventually be flushed out as it attempts to exist on its own and in its less efficient principles. However, the Capitalist system that chooses efficiency in productivity will eventually choose automation over human labor and as such, it will remove the human from much of the economic activity in  the production of goods. By doing so, the human being in addition to the monies in the hands of  a great factor of the population is removed as a block of requisite consumption. As such, the finished product in the systemic capitalist activity sits in the fields or on the shelves and results in corporate expenditure accounted for as depreciable  assets; not earnings or profit although produced most efficiently with machines and automation.   The answer to this block of requisite consumption was found in a very advanced capitalist system as seen in Russia after the Bolshevik revolution but that was given the nomenclature referred to as Leninism but Marxist-Capitalism  in Marx' socio-economic observation as to how automation and an iron seamstress will affect socio-economic life with machines baking 10000 loaves of bread every half hour.  Marxist-Capitalism would have been more appropriate and also free of any ideological confusion. THE ARGUMENT ENDS WHEN THE CAPITALIST SEES THE WOOD FOR THE TREES IN THAT THERE IS CERTAINLY NOT ONLY ONE SYSTEM BUT ALSO ONLY ONE EFFICIENT SOLUTION IN LIGHT OF THE REMOVAL OF HUMAN BEINGS FROM THE EFFICIENT CAPITALIST PRODUCTION PROCESS: THE PROVISION OF MONIES TO THE FINAL FACTOR AND PURPOSE IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION: THE CONSUMER AND NOT THE MANUFACTURERS EGO IN BEING A ROBBER BARON BUT THE PROVIDER OF A SERVICE AND PRODUCT IN COMPETITION WITH OTHER SERVICES AND PRODUCTS AS HE ADVERTISES AND SELLS HOPING TO SEE CONSUMPTION OF HIS GOODS IN PREFERENCE TO THE GOODS OF OTHER PRODUCERS: THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM IS NOT DIVORCED FROM THE ENVIRONMENT OR COMMUNITY THAT IT SERVES AND THE PROBLEM IS QUITE BASIC SINCE THE CAPITALIST PRODUCER SEEKS TAX CREDITS AND OTHER SOCIO ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE GOVERNMENT WITH WHICH IT WORKS FOR A NATIONAL SOCIO ECONOMIC GOOD: NOT THAT THE COMPANIES WILL FOOT THE BILL BUT THEY WILL OBSERVE OTHER INDUSTRIAL NATIONS AS THEY RESPOND TO THIS WORLD CAPITALIST EQUATION IN UTMOST TECHNOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY AND THEY WILL SEE THE SOCIO ECONOMIC ANSWER AS A CAPITALIST PRODUCER IN CONJUNCTION WITH ITS HOST SOCIETY IS TO ALLOW AND PROVIDE CONSUMER OR PARTICIPATORY REMUNERATION: STUDIES CAN BE EMPLOYED TO UNDERSTAND THE MOST SUCCESSFUL ECONOMIES THAT HAVE ANSWERED THIS SYSTEMIC EQUATION IN LIGHT OF AUTOMATION AS IT DOES NOT PRESENT A CRISIS ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD EXCEPT AMONGST THE POPULATIONS  SUFFERING WITH AN ABUNDANCE OF HUMANOID HUMANZEES LABORING TO PLEASE THEIR GENETIC ENGINEERS TO THE DEATH IN THAT THEY REFUSE TO APPLY LOGIC AND FOLLOW THEIR GENETIC CREATORS IN THEIR EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE ECONOMIC WISDOM

While this was the case, the Jamaican nation faced barriers on the road to development which were the result of both internal and external factors. Externally, trade patterns in the international market between rich and poor countries reflects the bargaining power of the trading partners .17 To date there has been no indication that the economic bargaining position of the poorer countries such as Jamaica is being improved noticeably.18 According to Immanuel Wallerstein, trade between core and the periphery results in an unequal exchange between high-wage products produced in the north and low-wage products produced in the south.~9 As a result, trade alone can be an impediment to development, widening the gap between rich and poor countries. 20 Multi-national corporations working within the third world know that most governments in the third world are weak in terms of what they have to offer and in their ability to affect the over-all financial position of the outside investor through taxation or other means whereby the host-nation could benefit from the MNC'S presence in the nation. According to Karl Deutsch, MNC involvement in a third world nation will lead to a net transfer of wealth from the developing country to the developed.21 It is apparent that an MNC can offer increased employment opportunities and a new source of tax and royalty revenues. In fact, something different than 9 thi s occurs. The MNC usually paralyses local competition and disregards or disturbs government policies, leaving dependent countries to suffer disruption and further dependence.22 Internally, Elite groups in most third world countries are engaged in protecting their economic interests by safeguarding the pursuits of capital; domestic as well as that of foreigners. According to Fantu Cheru, the IMF and the World Bank operate to serve the interests of Western capital while seeking to encourage export -1 ed growth through currency devaluations and other measures; essentially challenging the sovereignty of the recipient nation by giving economic control of the nation's immediate destiny to the IMF. The IMF is sometimes used as a tool of Western foreign policy. The U.S is the largest financial contributor with 20% of the votes on the board which enables it to refuse support to, and obstruct the credit of uncooperative governments whenever it sees fit. While the experience of independence began in 1962 for Jamaica, so did the challenge to overcome the formidable social and economic circumstances set before it. From 1962 to 1974, the Jamaica Labour party(JLP), in power under the leadership of Edward Seaga, continued to pursue a development strategy which had been established during the last years of colonialism. This strategy included an increased role for the state in the development process as well as a Keynsian approach to economic planning. This involved ten year plans. Focus was placed on manufacturing patterned after the Puerto-Rican plan known as "industrialisation by invitation. ,,23 10 This strategy gravitated around the encouragement of foreign investment through lucrative incentives to establish manufacturing plants for export.  The objective was the establishment and growth of industrial production for domestic consumption as well as export. The rationale was to provide increased goods and services, to "modernise" the production system, and provide employment. The resources to do this were Jamaican labour, privately owned land and capital and especially foreign capital. Yet, this plan was displaced by a five year plan which focused on the social needs of the nation due to the rising dissatisfaction of the rural, small farmers and the growing group of urban unemployed which had been attracted to the cities from the country side in the hope of finding jobs. In reality, it was apparent that the government of the new nation was accepting responsibility for economic development as well as social welfare while leaving production to private venture. By 1972, unemployment had grown by 23%, economic growth slowed down, and the dissatisfaction over the social and economic disparities through the population increased. As well, there was open corruption in the Seaga administration. It was to no surprise that the PNP (Peoples National Party) party under Michael Manley went swiftly in to power after the 1972 elections. The PNP advocated radical social changes while the JLP were more conservative. Whereas the PNP promoted closer ties with other third world countries the JLP sought closer links with western countries. Essentially, the PNP supported socialist approaches to running the state while JLP was Capitalist, defending free 11 enterprise. The PNP, having campaigned on a reformist platform, sought to improve the status of the poorest sections of the population such as the landless, workers, and women, instituting educational programmes as well as public works. With respects to the economy, the PNP turned in the opposite direction within the economic ideological spectrum, arguing that the government should" ... take control of the commanding heights of the economy from foreigners. ,,24 In 1974, the new government exercised their new position by imposing a levy on bauxite production. The mining companies did not respond well to this. The two sides negotiated at first and the bauxite companies agreed to increase Jamaica's revenue from US$25 million to US$80 million. The government refused this and out of necessity and urgency due to falling foreign exchange reserves, imposed its own levy. This was in the face of bauxite company assets totalling US$800 million. In response, one aluminum company attempted to sue Jamaica over the levy. Another set, Reynolds and Al coa , at tempted to get the American congress to reduce aid to Jamaica. As a result, US economic aid declined from US$13.2 million in 1974 to US$4.3 million in 1975. Loans were cancelled. The result was strained relations between the two nations. Apparently, the American government and MNC' S reaction was to punish Jamaica as well as discourage other third world companies from taking similar initiatives.25 Jamaica's attempt to repatriate a proportion of the bauxite revenues was successful yet due to the rise in wheat and oil prices 11 enterprise. The PNP, having campaigned on a reformist platform, sought to improve the status of the poorest sections of the population such as the landless, workers, and women, instituting educational programmes as well as public works. With respects to the economy, the PNP turned in the opposite direction within the economic ideological spectrum, arguing that the government should" ... take control of the commanding heights of the economy from foreigners.,,24 In 1974, the new government exercised their new position by imposing a levy on bauxite production. The mining companies did not respond well to this. The two sides negotiated at first and the bauxite companies agreed ~ to increase Jamaica's revenue from US $25 million to US $80 million. The government refused this and out of necessity and urgency due to falling foreign exchange reserves, imposed its own levy. This was in the face of bauxite company assets totaling US $800 million. In response, one aluminum company attempted to sue Jamaica over the levy. Another set, Reynolds and Alcoa, attempted to get the American congress to reduce aid to Jamaica. As a result, US economic aid declined from US $13.2 million in 1974 to US $4.3 million in 1975. Loans were cancelled. The result was strained relations between the two nations. Apparently, the American government and MNC' 8 reaction was to punish Jamaica as well as discourage other third world companies from taking similar initiatives.25 Jamaica's attempt to repatriate a proportion of the bauxite revenues was successful yet due to the rise in wheat and oil prices 12 early in 1973, the net effect was that what was obtained from one set of multi-nationals was used to pay another group; the foreign oil and wheat exporting countries. These were the harsh realities of Jamaica's trade relations with the industrialised north upon which it was dependent for so many things. Moreover, its experiences with the retaliatory efforts of the MNC' s followed Jamaica into the 1976 elections. At this point, there was apparently a destabilisation effort on the part of the C.I.A to prevent the PNP from being re-elected. Early in 1976, it was apparent to many government officials that there was an attempt being made by both local and foreign forces to bring the nation and the government to its knees. By definition, destabilisation is a process whereby forces inside or outside of a nation or in cooperation with one another, attempt " ... to create a situation of instability and panic by design."26 The word destabilisation entered the realm of political analysis due to events in Chile two or three years earlier in the face of the demise of the Allende government. US senate investigations had proven that the CIA, along with the Chilean military and other local dissenting groups worked to destabilise and then to eventually overthrow the Chilean government.27 Suspicious events in Jamaica began with the Daily Gleaner's publication of editorials full of lies distortions and half-truths. The Gleaner had a strong conservative tradition, dating back to the colonial era and was seen as a defender of the status quo, and leader of any reactions to any attempts to change. 1976 was an   13  election year and, at this time, the editor was a former JLP candidate. As mentioned earlier, the CIA, along with the official face of the American government, and American MNC's had a role to play in Jamaican politics in addition to local elite groups. This included business men and other groups of local capital interests. This involved a tightly knit group of families, no larger than twenty one in all, which manipulated and controlled the imports, exports and manufacturing.28 While Manley espoused socialist phrases and developed government programs along more social ist lines, many within the elite groups became nervous. In the midst of rising crime and inflation and rumours of a communist overthrow, many from the upper classes, along with their capital, fled to Miami and other parts of North America, including Toronto and New York.  This time, as of 2015, they are fleeing North America  and West Indies due to a new illiterate xenophobia to live in parts of Latin America where there are existing West Indian populations until the illiterate xenophobia is removed by the local and international authorities.  Within the nation, there was an attempt on the part of the JLP and sympathisers to paint the PNP as communists. Mind you, an attempt on the part of local elites to bring the PNP government to an end should have been no surprise. PNP policies threatened the well being of dominant, entrenched interests and as a result they reacted out of fear and in response to their threatened economic well being. Nevertheless, through political violence(approximately 500 political murders) and the turbulent times of the 1976 elections, the PNP emerged victorious and was given another opportunity to mould and craft the direction in which the Jamaican nation would go albeit with Limited resources and outside influence over the   14 economy. The government, during 1976 and 1980, attempted to follow a policy of self-reliance which was to mobilise all the people and land resources in hopes of reducing substantially the nation's import bill, removing waste, reducing non-essential imports, and diversifying its international economic relations which, up to this point, was cent red on trade with the us or more generally, the industrialised north to the exclusion of most other third world nations. Sadly though, the government never had a chance to fully implement the policies as it entered into negotiations with the IMF in 1978. In 1977, Jamaica failed the IMF assets test by 2.6 percent and despite the fact that failure by a small margin is usually allowed, the IMF decided to take a very hard stance with Jamaica. They forced the nation to make further devaluations of its currency. This meant an immediate 15% currency devaluation as well as other mini -devaluations every two months. This would mean decline in the dollar from a level virtually better than par with the US dollar to J$1.76 to US$1.00. Social programmes would be cut and the most massive tax package in the history of Jamaica was introduced.  The most conservative and pragmatic members of the cabinet were in revolt, appalled at the whole sale slaughter that was being insisted upon. II.: In a live telecast on the 11 May, Manley told the Jamaican people that there was no alternative to the IMF package. Yet, he admitted that there were fundamental questions of sovereignty which arose when dealing with the IMF. 15 The alternatives were complete self-reliance which would make it harder on the rich than the poor who, under the IMF suffered the most. Or else, they could seek further outside assistance from the Soviet Union or elsewhere. The fact that Jamaica looked for outside deliverance showed that their minds were still colonised.  30

 In the words of Carl Stone;

 Colonised minds cannot decolonise anything. IMF or no IMF the task facing us is that of decolonising and restructuring the Jamaican economy to render it more self-reliant. Outside help can only buy us time to get on with that task that in the final analysis we will have to painfully do ourselves. 

 Unfortunately though, IMF involvement failed to help the people of Jamaica turn around their economic plight. Twenty five years after independence, the problems of unemployment and unused land are worse.   Moreover, the nation is more dependent now than before, since the historic forms of dependence were intensified by a debt trap from which there is no quick escape. As well, Jamaica's major trading partners in 1962 continued to dominate the countries exports and imports in 1987. Further still, at this very present moment, the IMF is still playing a role in the economic life of the island nation. As Norman Manley said in 1962, the task of the generations to follow was to take their political power and tackle the job of reconstructing the social and economic life of Jamaica. While it may appear that Jamaica is failing or has failed at this challenge, this is not so. First off, it is fathomless to conceive of the possibility of undoing, restructuring, and remodelling a society and economy which took hundreds of years to develop within 16 the time frame of a quarter century. Like many other third world nations, Jamaica is still in the race; the never ending quest to step forward and farther away from its colonial lineage. Nevertheless, it is to be remembered that in a capitalist economy which perpetuates dependency and inequalities to satisfy the capitalist mode of prof it and continuing expansion, their are limited possibilities for change according to Immanuel Wallerstein. The task of a third world nation such as Jamaica is to not only seek ways on how it can improve its position relative to other actors within the W.C.E but to seek systematic change in association with other nations suffering a similar and frustrating predicament. The greatest difficulty with the literature in this International Relations / Political Science / Political Economy dialogue is the omission of the UDHR (United Nations Declaration  on Human Rights from the discussion when economic and political independence with evident cbwhochal  monetary interdependencies.  The commitment to these principles is the top priority for economic success. The modern dialogue after WW2 has to begin with the UDHR, the OHCHR and now the UN ILO Recommendations R202. This is the prescriptive outline for nation state success and  any analysis of international relations or political economy. It is the code to Zion;  something with which the Redemption song population must now be expert.
   Over the last 25 years the Jamaican nation has struggled to overcome the constraints with which it is faced internally and externally and she has met with minimal success. Yet the contest is not over. She possesses a stable democracy, although challenged by the carnage of political violence during elections. Furthermore, she is not at the bottom of the world-state hierarchy but is somewhere near the middle. For Jamaica and other third world nations, there is hope. But it is questionable if hope lies in an individualist struggle. There is always strength in numbers and so success may lie in a cooperative effort and not a solo art.   Regardless, the road to development in a world split along a north-south divide fraught with inequalities where those nations who benefit from the system are not willing to give up their privilege, is slow and rough.   It will require a concerted effort on the part of the south and although some say it will 17 not occur over night, conditions can slowly be improved.   In the words of Frantz Fanon ; the world is waiting for something from us ... if we want humanity to advance a step further, if we want to bring it to a different level than that which Europe has shown it, then we must invent and we must make discoveries ... for humanity, comrades, we must turn over a new leaf, we must work out new concepts, and try to set afoot a new man. (taken from Wretched of the Earth) p. 315-316. This is a challenge to all of the third world and, more specifically, Jamaica. Jamaica must work out new concepts. Jamaica must set afoot new men and women. She must set afoot a new Jamaican if Jamaicans are to be a mighty people, rising out of many; African, Indian, Jewish, Chinese, European, able to accomplish whatever they will .

 Prayerfully, this will be the island's destiny. So let it be. In spite of the interest in nationalism, the simple answer is emancipation with continued dependence since you have no other culture but English.   It is evident financially and you are not leaving  the English universe very soon. Where would you go?  You could think of Africa?  Amen!

This is an original essay written in December 1993 at The University Of Western, Ontario by Warren Augustine Lyon for Politics 365F.  Warren is a graduate in Political Science and History with an BA(Hons).  The essay was graded at 84% With Professor Schild.  Warren Augustine Lyon is the author of this blog and can be contacted at londinium.mmxi@gmail.com.

Separating Nations along an equatorial and economic divide, the phrase "North-South relations" is relatively new terminology used to discuss an old relationship between early industrializing, developed countries and the developing countries of the world. Click here.

1 Separating Nations along an equatorial and economic divide, the phrase "North-South relations" is relatively new terminology used to discuss an old relationship between early industrializing, developed countries and the developing countries of the world. During the years 1974 and 1975, while the world was in a precarious position,l Arab oil wealth rose to prominence in the new international order.2 The Arabs, taking due advantage of the new position, made a dramatic international breakthrough which involved all of the Third world. This entailed historically precedential  meetings known as the North-South Dialogues in which the rich and poor countries discussed, at a global level, the need to reform wealth distribution in the world. Credited as the instigator of this program was President Boumedienne of Algeria who expressed his vision of the economic emancipation of the peoples of the third world in a United Nations speech on 10 April 1974.3 Yet, the literature on North-South relations surfaced slowly. The terms gained greater recognition from the Brandt Commission in 1980 which used these terms as the title of the first report. Used as theoretical tools to discuss a relational phenomena which springs from the colonial and imperialist era's of world history, the terms are very much a part of the present discourse on the issues and current realities of development and under development in the global context. Nevertheless, it is important to remember that these terms refer to concepts just as much as geographical locations. To understand North-South relations, it follows that an 2 analysis of the historical root of these relations is necessary. Next, an insight into how these relations manifest themselves in the present should follow. Finally, to concretise the analysis, it would be imperative to base our theoretical understanding on
a study of these relations as they occur in the real world, utilizing a case study. In this essay, an attempt will be made to shed some light on some of the fundamentals of North-South relations using a historico-contemporary analysis as outlined above, employing a case study of the island nation of Jamaica. But why Jamaica you may ask? This independent island nation of approximately 2.5 million people lies at the centre between the " .. lowest point of departure and the highest point of
present attainment in the Third World experience which makes it more representative of its class than other nations." In fact it is considered a "microcosm"  of the Third World.   Mr.Michael Manley(Hon) is one of the most honored Prime Ministers in the history of this fledgling nation. He understood the importance of a fair deal in trade negotiations and that takes belief in self respect independence and respect for personal and nationalistic boundaries. It is is not that fledgling nation must mean diseased and molested nation. But, there is a balance that must respect interdependence. Independence without understanding interdependence may mean starvation.   A former colony of Britain, and an independent nation since 1962, it has struggled with all the difficulties inherent to the third world experience. As a result, due to the fact that Jamaica entered into the international economy as a former colony, its relationship to other actors in the world capitalist economy has been thoroughly conditioned along the lines of dependency and underdevelopment. Moreover, through international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, through trade relations, and the role of MNC'S, the relationship between Jamaica and the North has 3 taken a neo-colonialistic profile. In addition, to escape the various disparities of the colonial and neo-colonial web, twenty five years, Jamaica has used a variety of strategies which span the ideological spectrum from left to right; such as export­ led growth, import-substitution, nationalisation of industries and state manipulation of the market place. To grasp the roots of the establishment and the historical aspects of the political economy of North-South relations one must go back to 17th century Europe. It was at this moment in history that Europe began to expand, " ... creating a world market and an international division of labour from the sixteenth to the twentieth centuries.,,6 Yet, modern capitalism as it exists in the present day did not develop over night. It has been remodelled over the centuries to fit the changing realities of the global market place. In the seventeenth century, we see the roots of the present relationships between the more industrialised north and the developing south. The commodities that maintained the global economy were produced by the labour of those which populated what we now call the Third World.7 This labour was comprised of slaves, tribute labourers, indentured peasants or proletarians.8 They worked not to satisfy their own needs or purpose as a result of the fact that their labour was structured to satisfy the interests of the ruling classes of Europe. Led by Britain, a new kind of international trade emerged, challenging the older trade practises of the Iberians, which 4 focused on precious metal s and on tropical products for luxury consumption by the wealthy classes of Europe. This new trade tied the large scale production of raw materials obtained within the colonies for manufacturing in Europe to the development of markets for European goods within the colonies themselves. Over the centuries, the slave-holding societies of the European powers were transformed into colonial states which, nevertheless, existed as part of the economic expansion of Europe and the development of capitalism. While possessing their own bureaucracies and developing their own revenues to aid in supporting the cost of empire, the colonial countries still provided the mother country with relatively cheap resources and markets for manufactured goods. Through this transformation, the colonial powers did not have to rely so heavily on the means of violence to maintain order and stability since, through the creation of an indigenous elite, colonial rule would appear to be more legitimate to the greater local masses. This indigenous elite were the few who had an opportunity to education while the majority of the people remained in poverty, unable to know material progress while under the colonial experience.9 In fact, it has been argued by some, that the structure of colonial society was directly linked to the nature of the colonial economy itself. (~?). Emerging out of seventeenth centuries was an international capitalist economy which comprised the industrialised, mother countries which held a monopoly on technologies, finance, and markets upon which the colonial satellites were dependent. There 5 should be no question that the world capitalist economy, established by the Imperial powers, shaped to serve their interests, situated in the North, worked to their advantage. According to Karl Deutsch10, it is a system comprised of a centre and periphery where the more powerful, northern nations are wealthy, control many different technologies, are involved in the production of various goods, and trade with numerous countries or areas of the world. Also, they are not dependent upon the sale or the supply of a singular commodity or upon trade with a particular country. The less powerful countries, comprising the south, do not  enjoy circumstances which are as favourable. The conditions within these countries can be summed up as being the complete opposite of the conditions found within the more powerful nations. image, in the image of Europe she created it; developed own , \ ~ a....- • and "And Europe created the World Capitalist Economy in her underdeveloped she created them."Il Britain held colonial possessions throughout ~ the world, including the Caribbean. Jamaica, a part of Britain's colonial possessions since 1655 was originally part of an old Amerindian world. The Arawak and Carib indians populated the island. Yet they did not survive the Spanish occupation of 1496 to 1655 and quickly died out. In 1664, Thomas Modyford, a rich Barbadian planter and agent for the slave-trading Royal African Company, was appointed Governor of Jamaica. At this time, the Black population in comparison to that of whites was 9504 to 8564. Due to the 6 introduction of new technologies for the production of sugar, large amounts of slave labour was required for field work resulting in the Black population, rising with the current of sugar, totaling 112,000 in comparison to 10,000 Whites in 1746 .. 2 Although it was Britain's most profitable colony by the 1800's, within a few decades it was close to economic ruin, crippled by monoculture and slavery. This was the result of soil erosion and the destruction of the basic investment which were slaves as they suffered through brutal treatment and working conditions. " ... The slave system was integrated into the accumulation needs of Great Britain, an ascendant capitalist economy in the process of achieving world
domination. ll~3 Yet, the landlords, mostly absentee, had no interest in Jamaican development. Abolition in 1834 made little difference as " ... they blindly reproduced the undynamic plantation economy. 1114, utilising the ex-slaves, referred to as peasants, as low wage labour. By the turn of the century, American capitalist interests started to replace those of British capital which had, up to that time, constructed the early years of Jamaican history. the new American role became apparent in the 1920's as banana cultivation, financed by Americans, began to have great influence in the economy. During the 1950's, through Bauxite production and the rise in tourism, and other industries, the Jamaican economy grew outstandingly. This growth continued through the sixties which enabled the economy to grow by six percent annually. 15 Despite this apparently tremendous achievement, the economy 7 remained weak in various ways. Domestic agriculture stagnated and served as the origin for continuing poverty in rural areas. As well, income distribution was increasingly uneven. Illiteracy, poor housing, and unemployment was the plight of the majority of Jamaicans. Furthermore, the level of unemployment doubled during the period of fast economic growth. At the time of independence in 1962, the words of Norman Washington Manley, father of the Jamaican nation, were not only prophetic but prognostic. While the mission of his generation was to realise the political independence of Jamaica, he admonished the crowd of 15,000 gathered to listen to him on the day of his resignation from political life. He asked; And what is the mission of this generation, the generation that succeeds me now that I quit my leadership? It is to be founded on the work of those who went before. It is to be made up by the use of your political power, of tackling the job of reconstructing the social and economic society and life of Jamaica. In 1968, he answered his own question with more detail. He argued that " ... no national aspirations were likely to be realised in Jamaica or elsewhere in the third world until the economies could be modified and restructured. 1116 This would also necessitate a dismantling of the discordant class structure( based on a caste S system), of economic activity which rose out the colonial tradition, perpetuating the colonial aspects of the newly independent nation. Although Imperialism and colonialism had come to an official end, the forces which established the world capitalist economy did not lie dormant. The powers which established these systems of 8 economic exploitation, built new institutions to ensure the survival of the economic system which they had created. The exploitation and the disparities did not end but continued, manifesting themselves in what is known as Neo-Colonialism.
Immanuel Wallerstein describes the world capitalist system as a closed system where the activity is set to follow certain efficiencies involving buyers and sellers. This is the most basic aspect of the system and it will never see a crisis. It would continue on the darkest day if the sun was to go dark as there would always be buyers and sellers of the various goods and services pertaining to life. This most intrinsic system as set out in natural law and science will never see a crisis. There is only one such system for all eternity as seen on the trade routes from Marrakesh to Egypt and from Israel to Londinium. Any activity that is extraneous to the principles of this closed and natural system that operates much like a vacuum will operate in the periphery like a bubble in an air pipe that will eventually be flushed out as it attempts to exist on its own and in its less efficient principles. However, the Capitalist system that chooses efficiency in productivity will eventually choose automation over human labor and as such, it will remove the human from much of the economic activity in  the production of goods. By doing so, the human being in addition to the monies in the hands of  a great factor of the population is removed as a block of requisite consumption. As such, the finished product in the systemic capitalist activity sits in the fields or on the shelves and results in corporate expenditure accounted for as depreciable  assets; not earnings or profit although produced most efficiently with machines and automation.   The answer to this block of requisite consumption was found in a very advanced capitalist system as seen in Russia after the Bolshevik revolution but that was given the nomenclature referred to as Leninism but Marxist-Capitalism  in Marx' socio-economic observation as to how automation and an iron seamstress will affect socio-economic life with machines baking 10000 loaves of bread every half hour.  Marxist-Capitalism would have been more appropriate and also free of any ideological confusion. THE ARGUMENT ENDS WHEN THE CAPITALIST SEES THE WOOD FOR THE TREES IN THAT THERE IS CERTAINLY NOT ONLY ONE SYSTEM BUT ALSO ONLY ONE EFFICIENT SOLUTION IN LIGHT OF THE REMOVAL OF HUMAN BEINGS FROM THE EFFICIENT CAPITALIST PRODUCTION PROCESS: THE PROVISION OF MONIES TO THE FINAL FACTOR AND PURPOSE IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCTION: THE CONSUMER AND NOT THE MANUFACTURERS EGO IN BEING A ROBBER BARON BUT THE PROVIDER OF A SERVICE AND PRODUCT IN COMPETITION WITH OTHER SERVICES AND PRODUCTS AS HE ADVERTISES AND SELLS HOPING TO SEE CONSUMPTION OF HIS GOODS IN PREFERENCE TO THE GOODS OF OTHER PRODUCERS: THE CAPITALIST SYSTEM IS NOT DIVORCED FROM THE ENVIRONMENT OR COMMUNITY THAT IT SERVES AND THE PROBLEM IS QUITE BASIC SINCE THE CAPITALIST PRODUCER SEEKS TAX CREDITS AND OTHER SOCIO ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE FROM THE GOVERNMENT WITH WHICH IT WORKS FOR A NATIONAL SOCIO ECONOMIC GOOD: NOT THAT THE COMPANIES WILL FOOT THE BILL BUT THEY WILL OBSERVE OTHER INDUSTRIAL NATIONS AS THEY RESPOND TO THIS WORLD CAPITALIST EQUATION IN UTMOST TECHNOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY AND THEY WILL SEE THE SOCIO ECONOMIC ANSWER AS A CAPITALIST PRODUCER IN CONJUNCTION WITH ITS HOST SOCIETY IS TO ALLOW AND PROVIDE CONSUMER OR PARTICIPATORY REMUNERATION: STUDIES CAN BE EMPLOYED TO UNDERSTAND THE MOST SUCCESSFUL ECONOMIES THAT HAVE ANSWERED THIS SYSTEMIC EQUATION IN LIGHT OF AUTOMATION AS IT DOES NOT PRESENT A CRISIS ANYWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD EXCEPT AMONGST THE POPULATIONS  SUFFERING WITH AN ABUNDANCE OF HUMANOID HUMANZEES LABORING TO PLEASE THEIR GENETIC ENGINEERS TO THE DEATH IN THAT THEY REFUSE TO APPLY LOGIC AND FOLLOW THEIR GENETIC CREATORS IN THEIR EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE ECONOMIC WISDOM

While this was the case, the Jamaican nation faced barriers on the road to development which were the result of both internal and external factors. Externally, trade patterns in the international market between rich and poor countries reflects the bargaining power of the trading partners .17 To date there has been no indication that the economic bargaining position of the poorer countries such as Jamaica is being improved noticeably.18 According to Immanuel Wallerstein, trade between core and the periphery results in an unequal exchange between high-wage products produced in the north and low-wage products produced in the south.~9 As a result, trade alone can be an impediment to development, widening the gap between rich and poor countries. 20 Multi-national corporations working within the third world know that most governments in the third world are weak in terms of what they have to offer and in their ability to affect the over-all financial position of the outside investor through taxation or other means whereby the host-nation could benefit from the MNC'S presence in the nation. According to Karl Deutsch, MNC involvement in a third world nation will lead to a net transfer of wealth from the developing country to the developed.21 It is apparent that an MNC can offer increased employment opportunities and a new source of tax and royalty revenues. In fact, something different than 9 thi s occurs. The MNC usually paralyses local competition and disregards or disturbs government policies, leaving dependent countries to suffer disruption and further dependence.22 Internally, Elite groups in most third world countries are engaged in protecting their economic interests by safeguarding the pursuits of capital; domestic as well as that of foreigners. According to Fantu Cheru, the IMF and the World Bank operate to serve the interests of Western capital while seeking to encourage export -1 ed growth through currency devaluations and other measures; essentially challenging the sovereignty of the recipient nation by giving economic control of the nation's immediate destiny to the IMF. The IMF is sometimes used as a tool of Western foreign policy. The U.S is the largest financial contributor with 20% of the votes on the board which enables it to refuse support to, and obstruct the credit of uncooperative governments whenever it sees fit. While the experience of independence began in 1962 for Jamaica, so did the challenge to overcome the formidable social and economic circumstances set before it. From 1962 to 1974, the Jamaica Labour party(JLP), in power under the leadership of Edward Seaga, continued to pursue a development strategy which had been established during the last years of colonialism. This strategy included an increased role for the state in the development process as well as a Keynsian approach to economic planning. This involved ten year plans. Focus was placed on manufacturing patterned after the Puerto-Rican plan known as "industrialisation by invitation. ,,23 10 This strategy gravitated around the encouragement of foreign investment through lucrative incentives to establish manufacturing plants for export.  The objective was the establishment and growth of industrial production for domestic consumption as well as export. The rationale was to provide increased goods and services, to "modernise" the production system, and provide employment. The resources to do this were Jamaican labour, privately owned land and capital and especially foreign capital. Yet, this plan was displaced by a five year plan which focused on the social needs of the nation due to the rising dissatisfaction of the rural, small farmers and the growing group of urban unemployed which had been attracted to the cities from the country side in the hope of finding jobs. In reality, it was apparent that the government of the new nation was accepting responsibility for economic development as well as social welfare while leaving production to private venture. By 1972, unemployment had grown by 23%, economic growth slowed down, and the dissatisfaction over the social and economic disparities through the population increased. As well, there was open corruption in the Seaga administration. It was to no surprise that the PNP (Peoples National Party) party under Michael Manley went swiftly in to power after the 1972 elections. The PNP advocated radical social changes while the JLP were more conservative. Whereas the PNP promoted closer ties with other third world countries the JLP sought closer links with western countries. Essentially, the PNP supported socialist approaches to running the state while JLP was Capitalist, defending free 11 enterprise. The PNP, having campaigned on a reformist platform, sought to improve the status of the poorest sections of the population such as the landless, workers, and women, instituting educational programmes as well as public works. With respects to the economy, the PNP turned in the opposite direction within the economic ideological spectrum, arguing that the government should" ... take control of the commanding heights of the economy from foreigners. ,,24 In 1974, the new government exercised their new position by imposing a levy on bauxite production. The mining companies did not respond well to this. The two sides negotiated at first and the bauxite companies agreed to increase Jamaica's revenue from US$25 million to US$80 million. The government refused this and out of necessity and urgency due to falling foreign exchange reserves, imposed its own levy. This was in the face of bauxite company assets totalling US$800 million. In response, one aluminum company attempted to sue Jamaica over the levy. Another set, Reynolds and Al coa , at tempted to get the American congress to reduce aid to Jamaica. As a result, US economic aid declined from US$13.2 million in 1974 to US$4.3 million in 1975. Loans were cancelled. The result was strained relations between the two nations. Apparently, the American government and MNC' S reaction was to punish Jamaica as well as discourage other third world companies from taking similar initiatives.25 Jamaica's attempt to repatriate a proportion of the bauxite revenues was successful yet due to the rise in wheat and oil prices 11 enterprise. The PNP, having campaigned on a reformist platform, sought to improve the status of the poorest sections of the population such as the landless, workers, and women, instituting educational programmes as well as public works. With respects to the economy, the PNP turned in the opposite direction within the economic ideological spectrum, arguing that the government should" ... take control of the commanding heights of the economy from foreigners.,,24 In 1974, the new government exercised their new position by imposing a levy on bauxite production. The mining companies did not respond well to this. The two sides negotiated at first and the bauxite companies agreed ~ to increase Jamaica's revenue from US $25 million to US $80 million. The government refused this and out of necessity and urgency due to falling foreign exchange reserves, imposed its own levy. This was in the face of bauxite company assets totaling US $800 million. In response, one aluminum company attempted to sue Jamaica over the levy. Another set, Reynolds and Alcoa, attempted to get the American congress to reduce aid to Jamaica. As a result, US economic aid declined from US $13.2 million in 1974 to US $4.3 million in 1975. Loans were cancelled. The result was strained relations between the two nations. Apparently, the American government and MNC' 8 reaction was to punish Jamaica as well as discourage other third world companies from taking similar initiatives.25 Jamaica's attempt to repatriate a proportion of the bauxite revenues was successful yet due to the rise in wheat and oil prices 12 early in 1973, the net effect was that what was obtained from one set of multi-nationals was used to pay another group; the foreign oil and wheat exporting countries. These were the harsh realities of Jamaica's trade relations with the industrialised north upon which it was dependent for so many things. Moreover, its experiences with the retaliatory efforts of the MNC' s followed Jamaica into the 1976 elections. At this point, there was apparently a destabilisation effort on the part of the C.I.A to prevent the PNP from being re-elected. Early in 1976, it was apparent to many government officials that there was an attempt being made by both local and foreign forces to bring the nation and the government to its knees. By definition, destabilisation is a process whereby forces inside or outside of a nation or in cooperation with one another, attempt " ... to create a situation of instability and panic by design."26 The word destabilisation entered the realm of political analysis due to events in Chile two or three years earlier in the face of the demise of the Allende government. US senate investigations had proven that the CIA, along with the Chilean military and other local dissenting groups worked to destabilise and then to eventually overthrow the Chilean government.27 Suspicious events in Jamaica began with the Daily Gleaner's publication of editorials full of lies distortions and half-truths. The Gleaner had a strong conservative tradition, dating back to the colonial era and was seen as a defender of the status quo, and leader of any reactions to any attempts to change. 1976 was an   13  election year and, at this time, the editor was a former JLP candidate. As mentioned earlier, the CIA, along with the official face of the American government, and American MNC's had a role to play in Jamaican politics in addition to local elite groups. This included business men and other groups of local capital interests. This involved a tightly knit group of families, no larger than twenty one in all, which manipulated and controlled the imports, exports and manufacturing.28 While Manley espoused socialist phrases and developed government programs along more social ist lines, many within the elite groups became nervous. In the midst of rising crime and inflation and rumours of a communist overthrow, many from the upper classes, along with their capital, fled to Miami and other parts of North America, including Toronto and New York.  This time, as of 2015, they are fleeing North America  and West Indies due to a new illiterate xenophobia to live in parts of Latin America where there are existing West Indian populations until the illiterate xenophobia is removed by the local and international authorities.  Within the nation, there was an attempt on the part of the JLP and sympathisers to paint the PNP as communists. Mind you, an attempt on the part of local elites to bring the PNP government to an end should have been no surprise. PNP policies threatened the well being of dominant, entrenched interests and as a result they reacted out of fear and in response to their threatened economic well being. Nevertheless, through political violence(approximately 500 political murders) and the turbulent times of the 1976 elections, the PNP emerged victorious and was given another opportunity to mould and craft the direction in which the Jamaican nation would go albeit with Limited resources and outside influence over the   14 economy. The government, during 1976 and 1980, attempted to follow a policy of self-reliance which was to mobilise all the people and land resources in hopes of reducing substantially the nation's import bill, removing waste, reducing non-essential imports, and diversifying its international economic relations which, up to this point, was cent red on trade with the us or more generally, the industrialised north to the exclusion of most other third world nations. Sadly though, the government never had a chance to fully implement the policies as it entered into negotiations with the IMF in 1978. In 1977, Jamaica failed the IMF assets test by 2.6 percent and despite the fact that failure by a small margin is usually allowed, the IMF decided to take a very hard stance with Jamaica. They forced the nation to make further devaluations of its currency. This meant an immediate 15% currency devaluation as well as other mini -devaluations every two months. This would mean decline in the dollar from a level virtually better than par with the US dollar to J$1.76 to US$1.00. Social programmes would be cut and the most massive tax package in the history of Jamaica was introduced.  The most conservative and pragmatic members of the cabinet were in revolt, appalled at the whole sale slaughter that was being insisted upon. II.: In a live telecast on the 11 May, Manley told the Jamaican people that there was no alternative to the IMF package. Yet, he admitted that there were fundamental questions of sovereignty which arose when dealing with the IMF. 15 The alternatives were complete self-reliance which would make it harder on the rich than the poor who, under the IMF suffered the most. Or else, they could seek further outside assistance from the Soviet Union or elsewhere. The fact that Jamaica looked for outside deliverance showed that their minds were still colonised.  30

 In the words of Carl Stone;

 Colonised minds cannot decolonise anything. IMF or no IMF the task facing us is that of decolonising and restructuring the Jamaican economy to render it more self-reliant. Outside help can only buy us time to get on with that task that in the final analysis we will have to painfully do ourselves. 

 Unfortunately though, IMF involvement failed to help the people of Jamaica turn around their economic plight. Twenty five years after independence, the problems of unemployment and unused land are worse.   Moreover, the nation is more dependent now than before, since the historic forms of dependence were intensified by a debt trap from which there is no quick escape. As well, Jamaica's major trading partners in 1962 continued to dominate the countries exports and imports in 1987. Further still, at this very present moment, the IMF is still playing a role in the economic life of the island nation. As Norman Manley said in 1962, the task of the generations to follow was to take their political power and tackle the job of reconstructing the social and economic life of Jamaica. While it may appear that Jamaica is failing or has failed at this challenge, this is not so. First off, it is fathomless to conceive of the possibility of undoing, restructuring, and remodelling a society and economy which took hundreds of years to develop within 16 the time frame of a quarter century. Like many other third world nations, Jamaica is still in the race; the never ending quest to step forward and farther away from its colonial lineage. Nevertheless, it is to be remembered that in a capitalist economy which perpetuates dependency and inequalities to satisfy the capitalist mode of prof it and continuing expansion, their are limited possibilities for change according to Immanuel Wallerstein. The task of a third world nation such as Jamaica is to not only seek ways on how it can improve its position relative to other actors within the W.C.E but to seek systematic change in association with other nations suffering a similar and frustrating predicament. Over the last 25 years the Jamaican nation has struggled to overcome the constraints with which it is faced internally and externally and she has met with minimal success. Yet the contest is not over. She possesses a stable democracy, although challenged by the carnage of political violence during elections. Furthermore, she is not at the bottom of the world-state hierarchy but is somewhere near the middle. For Jamaica and other third world nations, there is hope. But it is questionable if hope lies in an individualist struggle. There is always strength in numbers and so success may lie in a cooperative effort and not a solo art.   Regardless, the road to development in a world split along a north-south divide fraught with inequalities where those nations who benefit from the system are not willing to give up their privilege, is slow and rough.   It will require a concerted effort on the part of the south and although some say it will 17 not occur over night, conditions can slowly be improved.   In the words of Frantz Fanon ; the world is waiting for something from us ... if we want humanity to advance a step further, if we want to bring it to a different level than that which Europe has shown it, then we must invent and we must make discoveries ... for humanity, comrades, we must turn over a new leaf, we must work out new concepts, and try to set afoot a new man. (taken from Wretched of the Earth) p. 315-316. This is a challenge to all of the third world and, more specifically, Jamaica. Jamaica must work out new concepts. Jamaica must set afoot new men and women. She must set afoot a new Jamaican if Jamaicans are to be a mighty people, rising out of many; African, Indian, Jewish, Chinese, European, able to accomplish whatever they will .

 Prayerfully, this will be the island's destiny. So let it be. In spite of the interest in nationalism, the simple answer is emancipation with continued dependence since you have no other culture but English.   It is evident financially and you are not leaving  the English universe very soon. Where would you go?  You could think of Africa?  Amen!

This is an original essay written in December 1993 at The University Of Western, Ontario by Warren Augustine Lyon for Politics 365F.  Warren is a graduate in Political Science and History with an BA(Hons).  The essay was graded at 84% With Professor Schild.  Warren Augustine Lyon is the author of this blog and can be contacted at londinium.mmxi@gmail.com.

The Sunday Mass - 5/21/17 - 6th Sunday of Easter

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Sunday Mass for May 7, 2017.

If the current US President was the provisional leader of Afghanistan, the US government would have told him to implement a universal minimum income support at $70,000.00 per year per citizen. In fact, they would have done it for him. The current administration and the end of politics in America as we have known it: A new poster is coming out with the current President as the icon as the icon that does not say OBEY as in the case of the Obalma iconic posters. Instead, it says "Save America." It would not be necessary to save America if America was saved during the last 17 years of politics. The reason why America and Canada needs saving is because expectations for a minimum universal income support had not reached the average citizen in America and Canada until last year but they do expect a corner store run by an Asian and a sushi or Asian restaurant within 5 minutes of any location in North America as run by an Asian with Asian minimum income support but the discussion was obfuscated with talk about a Basic income. The OECD does not talk about basic income but a guaranteed universal Minimum income support more precisely as the fulfillment of the UDHR; Article 25. Going further back in history, we can see that 1945 was the beginning of a people race more so than an arms race. The major WW2 powers, including Germany, Russia and Japan proceeded after WW2 with a minimum income support for all citizens. China and France after World War 2 followed this policy also along with much of Europe. The issue for us today is that America did not follow this policy. The West Indies and Guyana did not follow this policy until recently in respect of their major trading partners such as France, Brazil and Mexico who do have this policy. Obey the UDHR and nothing else. This is the reason for the end of politics in America. It is the end of the world only in America and the West Indies because they did not expect anything or OBEY. A trade war does not solve the people race. We buy Chinese cheap machine made goods and sell food to China in some global decision to achieve an economy of scales. It is a massive global enterprise and every major nation is participating while this global model depends on a consumer buying power with all major participating nations providing their populations with a guaranteed universal Minimum income support. America facilitated the Asian manufacturing with machines although they could have supported a system in America. However, America has not facilitated with the same determination American and Canadian guaranteed universal minimum income support and as such, North America is always looking for economic stimulus that falls on a war to get everybody working to end the shame of desperation in what is really a people race where you can decide to OBEY; like France and Germany where they have Black people enjoying the UDHR. The trade war in a hope to re ignite American manufacturing is not financing the purchase and installation of machines to build good in America for the American market and nor does it solve the loss prevention issue when under funded Americans without minimum income support at Asian levels do what the Asians did before they received minimum Income support and steal the goods for sale on the white market; steal de rice cakes and de vehicles until you OBEYed de UDHR ; sze sze!! Judaism is good for America as Judaism wrote the UDHR with global Catholicism and Protestantism so that that the UDHR is like a Nicene creed of universal socio-economic human value. Judaism is facilitated by an American universal guaranteed minimum income support in the safety dance we are all a part of. The Jews will earn more on property and sell more food as an empty or half empty building is not an asset earning money but a debt essentially. But, Haitians hiding in Catholicism or Judaism who are anxious about complexion contravenes not only the peace of Israel but the peace of America. Mexicans and Latinos belong in Poway, San Diego ancestrally as it was settled by the Spanish. The world cannot, however, wait a day longer for America to defend and facilitate the UDHR not only in Iraq, Vietnam and Afghanistan but in America. The truth is that idiotism( formerly known as racism), and ignorance are demons and American political leadership is much like a housekeeper appointed by the enemies of American settlement who are infused by these demons as they try to find the best nouveau decorations to please a master but they have no respect for what he said he wanted and nor do they follow his example while they keep offering their own opinions in a childish self protectionism of independence in determination; instead of submission (you are just eau de toilette in your own emotions as you were told but maybe you could try to just learn; fit in, follow the pattern of you can't see and just implement a minimum income support for all your citizens like all other major world powers ). Maybe you are related and if you are, them be on the good side of them prodigal son; not an Amnon or a Absalom. This is as the Amerocentric self definition of rejection or reject is evident in your politics all day long. Right now, every existing politician who is running for office or seeking re election is technically disqualified under U.S. anti genocide laws as a conspirator. Every former Vice President seeking the office of the Presidency is also disqualified under these laws. Maybe the current administration will close the criminality of the current situation and exonerate every national politician dating back to 1957. The only reason why the average politician has not moved to ameliorate this failure to implement a minimum income support is because the government has to have authority to protect itself from unscrupulous people or people who fail to recognise themselves as human beings. You monkeys, Magots; give us 20 push ups; sound of 1234; Hoorah!! The last observation for nations in the West Indies seeking American leadership on this issue is not to seek it. Call on China, Japan or Europe. America has failed again. To understand how many times they have failed, read Mao Zedong ' s essay entitled "Contradiction" . Call ABB and start building in America again. ABB is like the Maytag washing machine. You don't want to do anything by hand. Buy the mocking machine. Build in Delaware or Virginia. Implement the minimum income support. Save America. You are human; not Magots whether or not you are 30 percent European dna taken from European toilets. Certainly many of us were European immigrants and not criminals and indentured servants. Remember Ellis Island. I respect the current President's trade war yet a war is the wrong approach as it will kill more American business than it will help. A trade readjustment with the Commitment to universal minimum income support is what is needed with the agreement of American Business leaders who will need the government loans to robotify Their manufacturing operations. It might be best to agree with the business leaders and obey. Trillions are invested by America in the current arrangement so maybe start at the missing piece of the final puzzle no matter where the robot is assembling the consumer products for consumers. The missing piece of the final puzzle Jefe is a universal minimum income support to ensure the investment in robotification is covered with sufficient product consumption with a minimum income support and a sales tax rate of 30 percent for the manufacturer's and the government's return on investment as consumption with a universal minimum income support is the most important part of the puzzle. People buy. Machines build. Did you know Anthony Johnson, A black man , owned white and black people? The previous President was given an envelope that mentioned Health care reforms, he followed it and obeyed. This President was given an envelope that mentioned socioeconomic reform UDHR and North America wide minimum income support. Muhammad Leader of the Afghan people was given a folder that said UDHR minimum income support. He followed the white people and obeyed. You don't have to offer your dog to win two terms; just OBEY! But you have your own agenda to turn all Black University Graduates into actors for insurance commercials yet they are not supposed to do any thing else like save people from wrongful conviction. The other issue is that most Presidents who tried this readjustment had a four year term when they needed 30 years in office to readjust like a Chinese head of state and, if not, you will be out of office in the pain of the disruption while your people are staying on target to submit to the need for total automation with a total universal minimum income support with Toyota and and ABB giving you you the fortune cookies and Asian people to replace the drugged up, displaced American people you should have funded with the Universal minimum income support by now. Do not underestimate the power of a rock. But, see that Russians have a universal minimum income support and they buy from China also and sell to China in the trillions of dollars. This is why it is the end of politics. This is the beginning of a more evident authoritative capitalism in America where decisions are not based on ratings like a game show but on logic to save North American LIVES. But what do you think the Chinese and other Asians are doing? They are capitalists and you are just white muggers who have the authority and also all the shame for the imbalance that America is in. But , it's not Donald's fault but after four years of Presidency, we have to say that if the toilet paper runs out on the Aircraft carrier 299 miles from shore, it is the Commander in Chief who wiped Sh-t in your pants!!! I just shipped my bed and my neighbor just shipped her drawers And the international one shipped her nighty. Call me on my cell phone. It was made in China and designed in Africa. By Greg Bealman(Dakota) and Martin Savages Manafort,

If the current US President was the provisional leader of Afghanistan, the US government would have told him to implement a universal minimum income support at $70,000.00 per year per citizen.  In fact, they would have done it for him. The current administration  and the end of politics in America as we have known it: A new poster is coming out with the current President as the icon as the icon that does not say OBEY as in the case of the Obalma iconic posters. Instead, it says "Save America."  It would not be necessary to save America if America was saved during the last 17 years of politics. The reason why America and Canada needs saving is because expectations for a minimum universal income support had not reached the average citizen in America and Canada until last year but they do expect a corner store run by an Asian and a sushi or Asian restaurant within 5 minutes of any location in North America as run by an Asian with Asian minimum income support but the discussion was obfuscated with talk about a Basic income. The OECD does not talk about basic income but a guaranteed universal Minimum income support more precisely as the fulfillment of the UDHR; Article 25. Going further back in history, we can see that 1945 was the beginning of a people race more so than an arms race. The major WW2 powers, including Germany, Russia and Japan proceeded after WW2 with a minimum income support for all citizens. China  and France after World War 2 followed  this policy also along with much of Europe. The issue  for us today is that America did not follow this policy. The West Indies and Guyana did not follow this policy until recently in respect of their major trading partners such as France, Brazil and Mexico who do have this policy.    Obey the UDHR and nothing else. This is the reason for the end of politics in America. It is the end of the world only in America and the West Indies because they did not expect anything or OBEY.   A trade war does not solve the people race. We buy Chinese  cheap machine made goods and sell food to China in some global decision to achieve an economy of scales.  It is a massive global enterprise  and every major nation is participating while this global model depends on a consumer buying power with all major participating nations providing their populations with a guaranteed universal Minimum income support. America facilitated the Asian manufacturing with machines although they could have supported a system in America. However, America has not facilitated with the same determination American and Canadian guaranteed universal minimum income support  and as such, North America is always looking for economic stimulus that falls on a war to get everybody working to end the shame of desperation in what is really a people race where you can decide to OBEY; like France and Germany where they have Black people enjoying the UDHR.   The trade war in a hope to re ignite American manufacturing is not financing the purchase and installation of machines to build good in America for the American market and nor does it solve the loss prevention issue when under funded Americans without minimum income support at Asian levels do what the Asians did before they received minimum Income support and steal the goods for sale on the white market; steal de rice cakes and de vehicles  until you OBEYed de UDHR ; sze sze!!  Judaism is good for America as Judaism wrote the UDHR with global Catholicism and Protestantism so that that the UDHR is  like a Nicene creed of universal socio-economic human value.   Judaism is facilitated by an American universal guaranteed minimum income support in the  safety dance we are all a part of. The Jews will earn more on property and sell more food as an empty or half empty building is not an asset earning money but a debt essentially.    But, Haitians hiding in Catholicism or Judaism who are anxious about complexion contravenes not only the peace of Israel but the peace of America. Mexicans and Latinos belong in Poway, San Diego ancestrally as it was settled by the Spanish. The world cannot,  however, wait a day longer for America to defend and facilitate the UDHR not only in Iraq, Vietnam and Afghanistan but in America.   The truth is that idiotism( formerly known as racism), and ignorance are demons and American political  leadership is much like a housekeeper  appointed by the enemies of American settlement who are  infused by these demons as they  try to find the best nouveau decorations to please a master but they have no respect for what he said he wanted  and nor do they follow his example while they keep offering their own opinions in a childish self protectionism of  independence in determination; instead of submission (you are just eau de toilette in your own emotions as you were told but maybe you could try to just learn; fit in, follow the pattern of you can't see and just  implement a minimum income support for all your citizens like all other major world powers  ).  Maybe you are related and if you are, them be on the good side of them prodigal son; not an Amnon or a Absalom.   This is   as the Amerocentric  self definition  of rejection or reject is evident in your politics all day long.  Right now, every existing politician who is running for office or seeking re election is technically disqualified under U.S. anti genocide laws as a conspirator. Every former Vice President  seeking the  office of the Presidency  is also disqualified under these laws. Maybe the current administration will close the criminality of the current situation and exonerate every national  politician dating back to 1957.      The only reason why the average politician has not moved to ameliorate this failure to implement a minimum income support is because the government has to have authority to protect itself from unscrupulous people  or people who fail to recognise themselves as human beings.  You monkeys,   Magots; give us 20 push ups; sound of 1234; Hoorah!! The last observation for nations in the West Indies seeking American leadership on this issue is not to seek it. Call on China, Japan or Europe. America has failed again. To understand how many times they have failed, read Mao Zedong ' s essay entitled "Contradiction" .  Call ABB and start building in America again.  ABB is like the Maytag washing  machine. You don't want to do anything by hand.  Buy the mocking  machine. Build in Delaware or Virginia.  Implement the minimum income support. Save America.  You are human; not Magots whether or not you are 30 percent European dna taken from European  toilets. Certainly many of us were European immigrants and not  criminals and indentured servants. Remember Ellis Island.

I respect the current President's trade war  yet a war is the wrong approach as it will kill more American business than it will help. A trade readjustment with the Commitment to  universal minimum income support is what is needed with the agreement of American  Business leaders who will need the government loans to robotify  Their manufacturing  operations.     It might be best to agree with the business leaders  and obey.   Trillions are invested by America in the current arrangement so maybe start at the missing piece of the final puzzle no matter where the robot is assembling the consumer products for consumers. The missing piece of the final puzzle Jefe is a universal  minimum income support to ensure the investment in robotification  is covered  with sufficient product consumption with a minimum income support and a sales tax rate of 30 percent for the manufacturer's and the government's return on investment as consumption with a universal minimum income support is the most important part of the puzzle. People buy. Machines build. Did you know Anthony Johnson, A black man , owned white and black people?    The previous President was given an envelope that mentioned Health care reforms,  he followed it and obeyed. This President was given an envelope that mentioned socioeconomic reform UDHR and North America wide minimum income support.  Muhammad Leader of the Afghan people was given a folder that said UDHR minimum income support. He followed the white people and obeyed.  You don't have to offer your dog to win two terms; just OBEY! But you have your own agenda to turn all Black University Graduates into actors for insurance commercials yet they are not supposed to do any thing else like save people from wrongful conviction.    The other issue is that most Presidents who tried this readjustment had a four year term when they needed 30 years in office to readjust like a Chinese head of state  and, if not, you will be out of office in the pain of the disruption while your people are staying  on target to submit to the need for total automation with a total universal minimum income support with Toyota and and ABB giving you you the fortune cookies and Asian people to replace the drugged up, displaced American people you should have funded with the Universal minimum income support by now. Do not underestimate the power of a rock. But, see that Russians have a universal minimum income support and they buy from China also and sell to China in the trillions of dollars.     This is why it is the end of politics. This is the beginning of a more evident authoritative capitalism in America  where decisions are not based on ratings like a game show but on logic to save North  American  LIVES. But what do you think the Chinese and other Asians are doing?  They are capitalists and you are just white muggers  who have the authority and also all the shame for the imbalance that America is in. But , it's not Donald's fault but after four years of Presidency,  we have to say that if the toilet paper runs out on the Aircraft carrier 299 miles from shore, it is the Commander in Chief who wiped Sh-t in your pants!!! I just shipped my bed and my neighbor just shipped her drawers And the international one shipped her nighty.  Call me on my cell phone. It was made in China and designed in Africa.

By Greg Bealman(Dakota)  and Martin Savages Manafort,