The Immaculate Conception is a Roman Catholic dogma that asserts that Mary, the mother of Jesus, was preserved by God from the stain of original sin at the time of her own conception. Specifically, this doctrine says she was not afflicted by the lack of sanctifying grace that afflicts humankind, but was instead filled with grace by God, and furthermore lived a life completely free from sin. It is commonly confused with the doctrine of the incarnation and virgin birth, though the two deal with separate subjects. According to the dogma, Mary was conceived by normal biological means, but her soul was acted upon by God (kept "immaculate") at the time of her conception.
The Immaculate Conception was solemnly defined as a dogma by Pope Pius IX in his constitution, Ineffabilis Deus, on December 8, 1854, and consecrated by Pope Pius XII in 1942.
Did you know that you can sign an immaculate confession in Catholicism?
Francisco Zurbaran
Born in the suburb of Fuente de Cantos in Estramadure, on the boundaries of Andalusia, Nov., 1598; died probably at Madrid about 1662. From his early years he showed great aptitude for drawing. His parents,honest peasants, placed no obstacle to his artistic tastes. While a young boy he frequented the studio of Juan de las Roclas, of whom he became a favourite pupil. It has been claimed that he made thepilgrimage to Italy, but there is no evidence of his having done so. In 1616, at the age of eighteen, he signed an Immaculate Conception. http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15770a.htm
John the Baptist, according to scripture and most Catholic theology, was also born of or kept immaculate at the time of his conception. See Luke 1:7-15.
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